Term
1. Neurons
2. Supportive
3. Immunological |
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Definition
| What are the three fundamental cell types in the nervous system? |
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Term
Soma (Cell Body)
Single Axon
Dendrites |
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Definition
| What are the three parts of a neuron? |
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Term
| Because of the extensive production of ribosomes, and in turn, proteins. |
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Definition
| Why do neurons have a prominent nucleolus? |
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Term
Actin Filaments
Neurofilaments
Microtubules |
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Definition
| The cytoskeleton in a neuron is composed of what? |
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Term
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Definition
What Gives cell its shape and “stiffness”
Important for cell growth and motility
Provides a network over which molecules and organelles are transported within the cell ? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are tree-like structure that increase surface area of the cell for synapses? |
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Term
Initial segment (axon hillock) -transition between soma and axon
Axon proper – main extent of the axon
Synaptic bouton - axon terminus |
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Definition
| What are the three regions of an axon? |
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Term
| Mitochondria, to generate the energy required to get back to resting membrane potential. |
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Definition
| What organelle is prevalent in the initial segment of the axon (among other places) and why? |
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Term
| Ribosomes, proteins have to be transported from the soma. |
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Definition
| What organelle does the axon lack? |
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Term
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann cells (PNS) |
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Definition
Myelin from the CNS is called?
Myelin from the PNS is called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurons communicate with one another (and end organs) through what? |
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Term
secretory vesicles
neurotransmitter
exocytosis |
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Definition
| Pre-synaptic bouton have (BLANK) which contain (BLANK) which is released by (BLANK) |
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Term
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Definition
| Synapse where Axon → soma is called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Synapse where Axon → dendrite is called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Synapse where Axon → axon is called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Small appendages on dendrites that are used to increase the surface area for synaptic communication are called? |
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Term
| The soma is the center of cellular metabolism, and axons lack the necessary ribosomes to make their own proteins for maintenance? |
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Definition
| Nearly all of the protein for cell maintenance must be transported from the soma down to the axons. Why? |
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Term
Retrograde
Fast
200-300 mm per day |
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Definition
| Materials from the environment must be transported to the soma. Boutons to soma transport is called what? What speed is it? How many mm per day? |
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Term
Antegrade
Slow
Fast (50-500 mm per day) |
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Definition
| Transport from soma to boutons is called what? Matrix proteins and sub-cellular organelles are what speed? Secretory proteins are what speed? |
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Term
| astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and microglia |
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Definition
| What are the three support cells of the neuron? |
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Term
| astrocytes and oligodendrocytes |
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Definition
| What are the most numerous support cells of the neuron? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the two types of astrocytes? |
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Term
Gray Matter, Thicker numerous projections
White Matter, Polygonal cell body with few long processes |
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Definition
Where are protoplasmic astrocytes found and what makes them different?
Where are fibrous astrocytes found and what makes them different? |
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Term
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Definition
| What fills virtually the entire extra-neuronal space in the CNS? |
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Term
| Glial limiting membrane (Very important for the blood-brain barrier) |
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Definition
| Astrocytes form a layer several micrometers thick between the pia mater and neural element, this is called? |
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Term
Astrocytes
Reactive Astrocyte |
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Definition
What cell Separates neurons.
Act as a reservoir for potassium.
During CNS injury participate in the phagocytosis of cellular debris.
Help remove excess chemical transmitter.
Forms a glial scar that prevents the reestablishment of neural connections (ie. spinal cord injury). (What specific type of this cell does this?)
Communicate with each other by gap junctions
Serves to produce lactate an emergency fuel for an active neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the Principal antigen – presenting cell in the CNS? |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense laminated structure consisting of lipid and membrane proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Myelin sheath is produced in segments being separated by what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Peripheral myelin is produced by what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What secretes ECM proteins? (Important in nerve regeneration) |
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Term
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Definition
| These cells also act as sentries between the Cerbrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central canal or ventricles and the tissue of the brain |
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Term
Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium |
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Definition
| What are the three Intraneural Connective Tissues? |
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Term
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Definition
Intraneural connective tissue that is the
Outmost layer
Loose connective tissue
Cushions the nerve during movement
Protect fascicles
Contain blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
Intraneural connective tissue that is the
Lamellar sheath
Great mechanical strength
Acts as a barrier function (ionic environment) |
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Term
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Definition
Intraneural connective tissue that is the
Consist of fibroblast and collagen
Slight elevate pressure when compared to surrounding tissue
Pressure may increase during trauma which in turn may affect the microcirculation. |
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Term
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Definition
Elongation limit of a nerve is?
Complete destruction is? |
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Term
| The actual nerve fibers rupture first |
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Definition
| What ruptures first under a tensile force, the actual nerve fibers, or the epineurum? |
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