Term
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Definition
| This type of microbe cannot reproduce on its own, but instead relies on the cell that it invades to do so through protein synthesis and nucleic acid replication |
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Term
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Definition
| With this condition, the immune system over-reacts to substances that pose no threat to the body (e.g., odorant molecules from cut grass). Still the person with this condition can feel very sick when exposed to the substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure of the immune system to work well is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| This name is applied to disease-causing invaders. |
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Term
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Definition
| This microbe is made up of a nucleic acid strand (DNA or RNA) inside a protein shell. |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of microbe is not living because it is not made up of one or more cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotics are designed to target this type of pathogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| This common microbe is a single-celled organism that typically has a cell membrane and a cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the immune system incorrectly attacks normal body cells, it is called a/an ___ disease |
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Term
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Definition
| With this type of immunity, regardless of the type of antigen, a generalized immune system response will work to destroy the antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| With this type of immunity, the response by the immune system will be targeted against that individual antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| These proteins are secreted by B lymphocytes and bind to antigens to mark them for destruction |
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Term
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Definition
| Because each antibody is shaped to bind to only one specific antigen, it is part of this type of immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
| These protein messengers are released by one cell and stimulate growth or activity of another cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immune system cells that attack and kill cells are called: |
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Term
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Definition
| These specific cells produce immunoglobulins. |
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Term
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Definition
| These cells, differentiated from monocytes, are big-eaters that phagocytize bacteria and dead erythrocytes and neutrophils. |
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Term
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Definition
| These are the most abundant of the phagocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| These leukocytes are derived from their own stem cell line. (Fig. 16.2) |
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Term
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Definition
| These star-shaped cells present antigens to and activate lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| These specific cells come in helper and killer versions |
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Term
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Definition
| These leukocytes are the cells involved in acquired immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
| This general type of immune system cell shows a tiny piece of a pathogen on its cell surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of these leukocytes will be elevated in the blood during an allergic attack or when someone has parasites (e.g., worms |
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Term
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Definition
| Immune system cells that engulf and breakdown/digest pathogens are called: |
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Term
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Definition
| These cytokines interfere with viral replication and act as modulators of the immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that attract phagocytes to a site of infection are called: |
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Term
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Definition
| These proteins form a membrane attack complex, which creates a large pore in the membrane of a bacterium or virus-infected cell body. |
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Term
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Definition
| These enzymes, secreted by cytotoxic T cells, destroy a cell by stimulating apoptosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| These molecules act as vasodilators- and they stimulate nociceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that coat pathogens and enhance the effectiveness of phagocytes are called: |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that affect the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus, leading to very high body temperatures are called: |
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Term
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Definition
| This protein is an opsonin that activates the complement cascade. Elevated levels of this protein in the blood is a sign of inflammation, and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease |
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Term
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Definition
| These proteins, secreted by cytotoxic T-cells, form holes in the membrane of the target cell, thereby assisting in the cell’s destruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by mast cells and basophils, these signal molecules cause vasodilation and bronchoconstriction- such as that seen during an allergic reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell with this class of MHC on its surface will be destroyed by a cytotoxic T cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| This class of MHC is found on antigen-presenting cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| This class of MHC is found on infected body cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell with this class of MHC on its surface is recognized by T cells as friendly, and so will not be destroyed |
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Term
| Major histocompatability complex |
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Definition
| These protein complexes are used as stages to present antigens on a cell’s surface. |
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