Term
| Which type of mater in the brain has axons? What is it made out of? |
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Definition
| White matter. Surrounded by myelin sheaths |
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Term
| where do the cranial nerves exit the skull |
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Definition
1. foramina ovale
2. canals |
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Term
| which cranial nerves directly leave the brain? Which ones exit from elswhere |
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Definition
From the brain: CN I - CN II
Diencephalon / brainstem: CN III - XII |
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Term
| which part of the brain is responsible for movement and reward mechanisms? |
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Definition
| Basal ganglia. (has dopamine so can reward but dopamine also important in parkinson so you have movement issues too) |
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Term
| What part of the brain modulates the endocrine system |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the brain modulates the pituitary system |
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Definition
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Term
| which CN causes pupillary constriction |
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Definition
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Term
| what nerve allows for pupil accomodation |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerve for masticaiton |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior 2/3 sensory to tongue is what nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| chemo and baroreceptors of the carotid bodies are what nerve |
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Definition
| CN IX Glossopharyngeal nerve |
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Term
| Posterior 1/3 sensory to tongue what nerve |
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Definition
| CN IX Glossopharyngeal nerve |
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Term
| Shoulder shrugs is what cranial nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement of the tongue is what CN |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the mneumonic for which CN is motor and which is sensory |
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Definition
| some say marry money but my big brother says big boobs matter more |
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Term
how many vertebrae?
How many paired spinal nerves? |
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Definition
| 33 vertebrae but 31 paired spinal nerves |
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Term
| THe most prominent cervical process is C? |
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Definition
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Term
| T7 is a landmark that demarcates what? |
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Definition
| inferior tip of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| landmark for the L4. Should correlate with the superior aspect of the iliac crest |
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Term
| The posterior, superior iliac spine is around |
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Definition
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Term
| The spinal cord starts at the ____ and terminates at the ___ |
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Definition
| Starts at the foramen magnum and terminates at L1 in adults and L3 in kids. |
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Term
| Spinal roots exit via the _____. In Cervical areas it exits above/below the vertebrae and in Thoracic it exits above/brelow |
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Definition
| intervetebral foramina. In cervical above and Thoracic below. |
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Term
| The dural sac extends to level ___ in adults and level ____ in kids |
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Definition
| Level S2 in adults, and level S3 in kids |
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Term
| What connects the bottom of the spinal cord to the cocyx? |
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Definition
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Term
| whats the mneumonic to remember segments of the brachial plexus as it branches out? |
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Definition
Real Teenagers Drink Cold Beer
R: Roots
T: Trunks
D: Divisions
C: Cords
B: Branches |
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Term
| The five chief branches of the brachial plexus are? Where does this branching occur |
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Definition
Branching occurs around the lateral border of the pectoralis minor muscle
1. Median
2. Ulnar
3. Musculocutaneous
4. Radial
5. Axillary |
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Term
| how many roots are in the brachial plexus? Name them |
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Definition
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Term
| What segment of the brachial plexus is where the divisions are formed |
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Definition
| as the nerves pass OVER the lateral border of the 1st rib and then under the clavicle |
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Term
| how many trunks in brachial plexus? How many divisions after these trunks |
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Definition
| 3 large truncks formed from roots. Each trunk then branches into anterior and posterior divisions therefore making a total of 6 divisions. |
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Term
| Lumbar pleuxs involves how many roots |
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Definition
4-5. (sometimes involves T12)
T12
L1
L2
L3
L4 |
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Term
| Is L5 part of the lumbar plexus or sacral pleuxs? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lumbar pleuxs lies within the ___ muslces |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main branches off the lumbar plexus called> Which roots do they incorporate |
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Definition
1. Lateral Cutaneous: L2, L3
2. Femoral: L2, L3, L4
3. Obutrator: L2, L3, L4 |
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Term
| The sacral plexus involves what roots |
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Definition
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Term
| sacral PLEXUS supplies nerves to what general area of the body |
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Definition
| 1. posterior thigh 2. most of the leg and foot 3. broadened band from the ant/post surfaces |
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Term
| what percentage of people have Restless leg syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Are all carotid bruits an stroke risk |
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Definition
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Term
| stroke risks correlate more closely with the type of surgery or patient history |
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Definition
| types of surgery not pt history |
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Term
| pre-eclampsia patients will have what kind of reflex responses |
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Definition
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Term
| What grade (0-4) for reflex may have clonus and what is clonus |
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Definition
| 4+ Is the highest reflex and is hyper-reflexive. It is a brisk response and between flexion/extenions there are rhythmic oscillations which is clonus. |
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Term
| average reflex is what number? |
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Definition
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Term
| No response for a reflex test is graded what number |
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Definition
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Term
| Can a patient voluntarily override a deep tendon response |
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Definition
| NO-it is a reflex and no voluntary. |
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Term
| how do you test the ankle reflex. What nerve is involved |
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Definition
| Have patinet sit, dorsiflex the ankle slightly and hold with hand. Use other hand to strike patients achilles tendon. The foot should platnar flex against your hand. S1 is responsible. |
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Term
| how do you illicit the knee reflex. What nerve involved |
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Definition
| L2,L3,L4 - Have patient sit/lie with knee flexed. TAP patellar tendon just below the patella. Leg should extend and quads contract. |
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Term
| what is the supinator reflex. What nerves involved |
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Definition
| C5, C6. Have hand resting across ABD/Lap with radial side up. Strike radial side 2 inches proximal to wrist. The whole forearm should flex. |
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Term
| What is the bicep reflex and what nerves invovled |
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Definition
| C5,C6. Have arm in the michael jackson thriller zombie stance. Then strike bicep and bicep should contract pulling forarm towards the bicep. |
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Term
| what ist he triceps refelx. What nerves innervated |
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Definition
| C6, C7. bring arm up like T rex then strike proximal to the elbow over the tricep tendon. That should contract the tricep and then extend the forearm. |
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Term
| dscribe the abdominal reflex and what nerve are used |
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Definition
T8, T9, T10 - Upper abdomina reflex. Stroke from superior of umbilicus towards medial and umbilicus moves towards your hand.
T10, T11,, T12 - Lower Abdominal reflex. Except start below umbilius and move medial. Umbilicus should contract towards stimulus. |
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Term
| describe what the plantar response is, what spinal nerves involved |
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Definition
| L5, S1: stroke underside of foot from heel to ball and curve inward/medially. Foot should plantar flex and big toe move. |
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Term
| Give an example of a cutaneous reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal Strength is graded as what number |
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Definition
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Term
| What grade can the muscle move the joint across full range of motion against gravity but not resistance by the examiner |
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Definition
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Term
| what grade would be given for muscle contraction that is seen or palpated but does nothing to move the joint |
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Definition
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Term
| what is grade 2 for muscle movement |
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Definition
| muscle can move the joint and range of motion ONLY IF NO GRAVITY |
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Term
| pain and temperature travel via what tract |
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Definition
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Term
| position and vibration travels via what tract |
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Definition
| posterior column medial leminiskus |
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Term
| Light touch (general) travels via what tract |
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Definition
1. spinothalmamic tract
2. posterior column meidal lemiiniscus |
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Term
| Discriminative sensations (proprioception/location/association) uses what tracts/parts of the body |
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Definition
1. Cortex
2. Spino thalamic
3. posterior column medial leminiscus |
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Term
| what type of nerve fiber carries somatic motor signals |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of nerve fiber carries proprioception |
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Definition
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Term
| what receptors are involved in proprioception |
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Definition
1. muscle spindles
2. golgi tendon organs |
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Term
| Touch, and pressure uses what type of nerve fiber |
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Definition
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Term
| A delta fibers carry what kind of signals? |
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Definition
1. Pain (FAST)
2. COLD
3. Touch |
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Term
| what type of nerve fiber is a preganglionic sympathetic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| PAin slow receptors travel via? Pain fast recpetors travel via? |
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Definition
Pain SLOW: C fibers
Pain Fast: A - Delta |
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Term
Hot nerves via __ Fiber
Cold nerves via ___ Fiber |
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Definition
Hot via C fibers
COLD via A-Delta |
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Term
| Postganglioinic sympathetic fibers travel via ____ nerve fibers while Preganglionic sympathetic fibers travel via ___ nerves |
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Definition
| Preganglionic travel via Beta fibers b/c they are bigger and more important. Then branching off this are hte smaller version and they travel via C fibers to organs. |
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