Term
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Definition
| junctions between two discrete (seperate) objects. configuration of the articulation, reinforcing ligaments, and associated musculature determine the movement and range of motion of the joint |
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Term
| diarthrodial or synovial joint |
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Definition
| most common joint in the body. freely movable. the joint is encased in a sleeve like fibrous capsule. it has two layers. outer layer of a the capsule is formed by collagen. inner layer of the capsule contains cells that secrete a synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| strong protein with condiderable mechanical stability |
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Term
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Definition
| (l.) eggwhite. proteins albumin and mucin give it its viscous texture. articular surfaces are covered with hyaline tilage |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of collagen. tough ropey material intermixed with elastin to give it smooth flexibility. texture is smooth and pearly to decrease friction between the articulating ends of bones. acts as a sponge in relation to synovial fluid. as movement occurs it absorbs and squeezes out synovial fluid as compression forces vary from foot strike to no ground contact. allows load forces to be dissipated. |
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Term
| arthrodial (gliding) joint |
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Definition
| two flat bony surfaces that butt against each other, permitting limited gliding movement in two planes, usually in a straight line. simplest type of movement |
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Term
| condylodial (biaxial ball & socket) joint |
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Definition
| structured so that an oval, convex articulation of a bone fits into a concave depression on another bone. permits motion in two planes. flexion and extension moving in the sagittal plane. adduction and abduction moving in the front plane. when two movements are performed in order they constitute circumduction. |
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Term
| enathrodial (mutltiaxial ball & socket) joint |
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Definition
| permits movement in all planes. provides the greatest rang of motion of any joint. ball and socket are formed by the articulation of a rounded convex surface with a cuplike cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| permits a wide range of motion in only one plane. surface of one bone is always concave and the other convex |
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Term
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Definition
| found only in the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint. permits ball and socket movement with the exception of rotation. opposing surfaces are both concave where they articulate. design is very important because it allows the thumb to oppose the four lesser finger in order to hold objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| rotational movement around a long axis |
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Term
| Synarthrodial (immovable) joints |
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Definition
| found in suture of the skull and sockets of the teeth |
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Term
| Amphiarthrodial (slightly movable) joint |
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Definition
| divided into three types: syndesmosis, synchondrosis, symphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| joints held together by sheet of strong fibrous tissue referred to as interosseous ligaments. purpose is to allow slight movement between bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| joints that have hyaline cartilage between the articulating bones that allows slight movement between bones |
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Term
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Definition
| type of joint that seperated by a fibrocartilage pas that allows slight movement between the bones |
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Term
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Definition
| resistance to displacement |
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Term
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Definition
| for everything given something is taken away. more movement a joint allows the less stability it has and the less movement a joint allows the more stability it has |
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Term
| five factors involved in joint stability |
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Definition
| ligaments, muscular force, fascia and skin, atmospheric pressure, structures associated with the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| attache bone to bone. strong flexible, stress resistant, somewhat elastic, fibrous tissue. form of a strap or a thickening of a joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| very important especially in joints where bone structure contributes little to stability. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| infraspinatus & teres minor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fascia consists of fibrous connective tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles, smaller partitions that separate bundles of muscle bundles, and single muscle fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| gaseous mass surrounding the body measured at 1.01X10^5 newtons per square inch. presses the bones and walls of the capsule from all directions upon the synovial fluid in the capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of the brain and spinal cord. 100 billion neurons. communicates with muscles and glands for proper function of the body. |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| composed of the many nerves that move through the body to intervate muscles and allow sensory receptors to send sensory data back to the brain. more than a bundle of axons. |
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Term
| structural unit of the nervous system |
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Definition
| neuron. consists of a cell body, axon, and dendrites |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| properties of striated muscles |
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Definition
1. extensibility
2. elasticity
3. contractility
4. irritability |
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Term
| extensibility and elasticity |
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Definition
| allow muscles to be stretched than returned to its normal resting length |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to shorten and produce tension as its ends, is a unique property possessed only by muscle tissue. average muscle fiber can shorten to about one-half its length |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the muscle properly of being responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of thousands of thread like fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| are made up of hundreds of myofibrils |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of actin filaments and myosin filaments lying side by side. when stimulated the filaments slide past each other due to coupling and uncoupling at the cross bridges which appear as projections of the myosin filaments attaching to the actin filaments. divided into a series of sacromeres |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the portion of the myofibril between each two Z lines. considered to be the functional contractile unit of skeletal muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| shortening. occurs when the actin filament slides over the myosin filament |
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Term
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Definition
| lengthening. the reverse with actin filament sliding outward, resulting in a return to the original length |
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Term
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Definition
| action potential. generated in the precentral gyrus of the brain. moves through the midbrain down the spinal cord and exits the cord via the anterior spinal root. moves through peripheral nerves into the muscle and travels through via the transverse tubules. when it passes by the SR is causes calcium to be released. taken up by the troponin of the actin filament. activates the troponin to move the tropomyosin away from the active sites on actin filament. myosin corss bridge can now attach to the uncovered site. ATP splits off a phosphate to liberate energy. energy is utilized to cause the cross bridge to swivel towards the center |
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Term
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Definition
| lie closely to the sarcoplasmic reticulum which stores calcium |
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