Term
| Which laryngeal cartilage is composed of elastic cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| At which level of the respiratory tree is there no cartilage, where smooth muscle takes on an important role in regulating the amount of airflow through the tubule? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does internal respiration take place? |
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Definition
| At systemic capillaries, between blood and tissue cells |
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Term
| Why is it important that the epithelium of the oropharynx is stratified squamous epithelium? |
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Definition
| The area is subject to abrasion from food, so protection is important. |
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Term
| Which structure is the last structure of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of alveolar macrophages in the lungs? |
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Definition
| Removal of tiny inhaled particles |
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Term
| Which of the following changes that occurs along the airway from the trachea to the bronchioles is the most important for regulating the amount of air entering the alveoli? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle forms helical bands that wrap around smaller bronchi and bronchioles. |
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Term
| What is the anatomical relationship of the true vocal folds to the false vocal folds? |
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Definition
| The true vocal folds are inferior to the false vocal folds. |
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Term
| What are the components of the respiratory membrane? |
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Definition
| Alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal laminae |
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Term
| Which cells produce surfactant? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure is not located within the nasopharynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic stimulation of terminal bronchioles causes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which portion of the nasal cavity is lined with olfactory epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| The detergent-like molecule that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the three different layers of tissue in the wall of the trachea, the outermost layer is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Most foreign substances in inspired air fail to reach the lungs because of the |
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Definition
| ciliated epithelium and mucus that line the respiratory passages. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| equalize air pressure throughout the lung. |
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Term
| The space between the right and left vocal folds is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure does not enter or exit from the hilum of a lung? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure is both a lower respiratory structure and in the conducting zone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Propulsion through the GI tract by peristalsis is shown here. The contraction and relaxation of adjacent segments of the alimentary canal moves material through the tract. |
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Term
| What would cause pain that extends or moves to the right in the umbilical region? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which abdominal regions are located between the midclavicular lines? |
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Definition
| Epigastric region, umbilical region, and hypogastric region |
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Term
| Another name for serosa is |
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Definition
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Term
| The splenic, or left colic, flexure of the colon is located within the |
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Definition
| right hypochondriac region. |
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Term
| Of the basic digestive processes, the one in which nutrients enter capillaries is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not an accessory digestive organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are components of the mucosa of the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
| Epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae |
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Term
| Which are important differences in the histology of the stomach compared to other regions of the digestive tract? |
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Definition
| There are three layers of muscularis externa. |
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Term
| Absorptive cells of the small intestine contain |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for the peristaltic waves that propel materials from one portion to another |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following choices correctly pairs a type of cell in the stomach with its secretion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the large intestine? |
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Definition
| It is the main site of nutrient absorption. |
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Term
| The digestive organ primarily responsible for the absorption of water is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not contained in saliva? |
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Definition
| enzymes that begin the digestion of proteins |
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Term
| Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is primarily located within the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the hepatopancreatic sphincter? |
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Definition
| It controls the entry of bile and pancreatic juices into the alimentary canal. |
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Term
| The duodenum contains these structures whose products neutralize the acidic chyme. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following layers is present in the mucosa of the stomach and intestines, but not in the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are the only mucosal folds that do not flatten out at all when the organ stretches? |
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Definition
| circular folds in the small intestine |
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Term
| The splenic flexure is the boundary between the |
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Definition
| transverse and descending colon. |
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Term
| Which of the following is a role of the levator ani muscle in defecation |
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Definition
| It lifts the anal canal superiorly around the feces. |
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Term
| Most of the gastrointestinal tract is innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system. Which parts are innervated by the somatic nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| The parietal cells in the stomach produce |
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Definition
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Term
| The terminal portion of the small intestine is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which statement best describes the composition of the blood in the portal vein? |
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Definition
| oxygen-poor and nutrient-rich blood drained from the digestive tract |
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Term
| Name the three layers within the wall of the gallbladder. |
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Definition
| Mucosa, smooth muscle, and connective tissue covered by a serosa. |
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Term
| The structure composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, a branch of the hepatic portal vein, and a small branch of a bile duct is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the importance of hepatocytes containing numerous glycosomes? |
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Definition
| Hepatocytes play an important role in blood sugar regulation. |
|
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Term
| What is the role of the serous acinar cells in the pancreas? |
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Definition
| They make, store, and secrete about 22 kinds of pancreatic enzymes. |
|
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Term
| What is the function of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the bile-secreting liver were severely damaged? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following structures neither enters nor leaves the porta hepatis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In most cases, the accessory pancreatic duct drains into the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The region of the kidney where the renal vessels and the ureter enter and exit the kidney is called the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which portion of the nephron is found in both the renal cortex and medulla? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vessels in the nephron function in filtration? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete the hormone renin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule |
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Definition
| clings to the glomerulus, consists of branching cells call podocytes, and plays an important role in the formation of filtrate |
|
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Term
| The microvilli along the luminal surface of the proximal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| increase the surface area of proximal convoluted tubules and maximize their capacity for resorbing water, ions, and solute from the filtrate |
|
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Term
| Where does blood flow immediately after it leaves the glomerulus in the kidneys? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following events occurs when the posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? |
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Definition
| The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules become more permeable to water, which results in water being resorbed into blood vessels. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| consist of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule |
|
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Term
| Which statement is FALSE concerning peritubular capillaries? |
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Definition
| They are adapted for secretion. |
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Term
| Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium? |
|
Definition
| descending limb of the nephron loop |
|
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Term
| An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that |
|
Definition
| the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex. |
|
|
Term
| The left renal vein ________ the right renal vein. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The layer of podocytes is the same as the |
|
Definition
| visceral layer of glomerular capsule. |
|
|
Term
| The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the |
|
Definition
| proximal and distal tubules. |
|
|
Term
| Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that |
|
Definition
| their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment. |
|
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Term
| An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to |
|
Definition
| an increase in the production of ADH. |
|
|
Term
| Which type of epithelium lines the lumen of the ureter, urinary bladder, and proximal portions of the urethra? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unusual about the muscularis layer of the ureter when compared to the muscularis of the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
| It has an inner longitudinal and outer circular layer. |
|
|
Term
| The oblique entry of the ureters into the bladder |
|
Definition
| prevents backflow of urine into the ureters from the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| In what way is the histology of the ureters the same as that of the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| Their luminal epithelium is transitional epithelium. |
|
|
Term
| Which structures serve to voluntarily inhibit urination? |
|
Definition
| External urethral sphincter and levator ani muscle |
|
|
Term
| The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the |
|
Definition
| internal urethral orifice |
|
|
Term
| Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males? |
|
Definition
| In females the urethra is shorter than in males. |
|
|
Term
| the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The external urethral sphincter is located |
|
Definition
| at the urogenital diaphragm. |
|
|
Term
| The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the |
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Definition
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