Term
| Name 2 main functions of the spinal cord |
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Definition
| nerve impulse propagation & information integration |
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Term
| How do spinal the spinal cord and spinal nerves contribute to homeostats? |
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Definition
| by providing quick reflexive responses t many stimuli |
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Term
| The ______ is the pathway for sensory input to the brain and motor putput from the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the white matter contain? |
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Definition
| a dozen major sensory and motor tracts |
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Term
| which is the ascending and the descending of the major sensory, and motor tracts? |
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Definition
| major sensory (ascending), and motor (descending) tracts |
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Term
| the function of white matter tracts is? |
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Definition
| 'highways' for ner impulse propagation |
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Term
| (in homeostasis) white matter tracts make up different regions called? |
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Definition
| columns of white matter that surround the gray matter |
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Term
| what are the bundles of ascending adescending white matter tracts? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| each column contains bundles of axons (tracts) that have a common _____ or ____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the three columns ? |
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Definition
| ventral white columns (right and left anterior), dorsal righ and left posterior, and right and left lateral white columns |
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Term
| what does the gray matter procxesses? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| (still homeostastis) gray matter of the spinal cord is also a site for EPSPs which is ? |
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Definition
| integration (summing) of excitatory postsynaptic potentials |
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Term
| and the gray matter is also a site for IPSPs which is? |
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Definition
| inhibitory postsynaptic potentials |
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Term
| Gray matter of the spinal cord receives? |
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Definition
| receives and integrates incoming and out outgoing information |
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Term
| gray matter of the spinal cord consists of ? |
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Definition
| cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and axon terminals |
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Term
| The spinal cord- provides? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what 2 types of coverings provide the protection to the spinal cord |
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Definition
| bony vertebrae and meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral spnal fluid, produced in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds and protes the spinal cord, produced in the brain |
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Term
| what are the meninges?(singular is meninx) |
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Definition
| 3 connective tissue coverings that encircle the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| surround and encircle the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
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Term
| the most superficial mininx |
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Definition
|
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Term
| a sac of dense irregular connective tissue, extends from the foramen magnum to the second sacral vert |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal |
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Term
| ______ contains a cushion of fat and connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is continuous with the dura mater of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Arachnoid mater is the _______ meninx, an _____ covering, a spider webarrangement of delicate ______fivers and some ______fibers |
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Definition
| middle meninx, avascular covering, spider web, delicate collage fibers elastic fibers, |
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Term
| _________ is continuous with the arachnoid mater of the brain |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ________, the thin space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Arachnoid mater contains______fluid |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pia mater is the ______ meninx |
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Definition
|
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Term
| a thin transparent connective tissue layer that adheres to the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
|
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Term
| contains interlacing bundles of collagens fivers and some fine elastic fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Subarachnoid space is contained in the |
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Definition
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Term
| The subarachnoid space contains which fluid |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the subarachnoid space containing csp is in which |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| the spinal cord stops growing at what age? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when the spinal cord stops growing it continues to? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The cervical enlargement is from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The lumbar enlargement is from? |
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Definition
| t-9 to t-12 where nerves to and from the lower limbs arise |
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Term
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Definition
| the tapered portion of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement |
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Term
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Definition
| delicate filament about 20 cm extends downward from the apex of the conus medullaris |
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Term
| The definition of filum terminale |
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Definition
| anchors the spinal cord to the cocccyx |
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Term
| The cauda equina 'horses tail' |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| spinal nerves are part of which system? |
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Definition
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Term
| the spinal nerves are part of the PNS and connect to the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| From the CNS the spinal nerves connect the cns to |
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Definition
| sensory receptors, muscles, and glandds |
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Term
| how many pairs of spinal nerves |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where do the spinal nerves originate |
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Definition
| from the spinal cord from the posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) roots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ______ connect each spinal nerve to a segment of the spinal cord |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| posterior (dorsal)and anterior (ventral) |
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Term
| ________ contain only sennsory axons |
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Definition
|
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Term
| posterior (dorsal) roots conduct impulses from ______ receptors to the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons, in each posterior (dorsal) root |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior (ventral) roots contain axons of ____ , |
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Definition
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Term
| These neurons(of the anterior roots) conduct impulses fromt the _____ to the _____ or ______ |
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Definition
| cns to the effector organs /cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which matter surrounds which |
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Definition
| white matter surrounds gray |
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Term
| Which grooves divide the cord into righ and left sides |
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Definition
| anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus |
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Term
| the ______ is the deep wide median fissure, |
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Definition
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Term
| the ________ is the shallower narrow furrow |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is shaped like an H or a butterfly |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| cell bodies of neurons, neurolglia, unmyelinated axons, dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons |
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Term
| what does the gray matter do |
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Definition
| receives and integrate incomeing and outgoing info |
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Term
| _____ are association neurons |
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Definition
|
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Term
| interneurons or association neurons |
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Definition
| help with the integration of sensory information in the CNS, allows the initiaiation of motor responses |
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Term
| _____ surrounds the gray matter |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does white matter consist primarily of |
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Definition
| myelinated axons of neurons |
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Term
| What forms the crossbar of the H |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The central canal is located in the ? |
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Definition
| center of the gray commmissure |
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Term
| The________ extends the entire lengthe of the spinal cord |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the 4th ventricle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the central canal contain |
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Definition
| Csf, cerebral spinal fluid |
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Term
| The central canal is continuous with |
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Definition
| the fourth ventriclin the medulla oblongata |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the anterior (ventral) white commissure |
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Definition
| connects the white matter of the r and l sides of the spinal cord |
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Term
| clusters of cell bodies in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord ___ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ______ receive input from receptors via sensory neurons |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ______ provide output to effector tissue via motor neurons |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the region of gray matter on each side of the spinal cord is called _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons going to skeletal muscle |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Anterior gray horn the _____ provid ____ for contraction of skeletal muscles |
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Definition
| neurons provide impulses for contraction |
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Term
| posterior gray horns contain_______ and ____ of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons |
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Definition
| cell bodies and axons of interneurons |
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Term
| lateral gray horns are present only in _____ , _____, and ______ of the spinal cord |
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Definition
| thoracic upper lumbar and sacral segments |
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Term
| lateral gray horns contain cell bodies of |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral gray horns regulate |
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Definition
| the activity of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands |
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Term
| the cord's white matter is organized into regions called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many columns of the spinal cord |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior ventral, posterior dorsal, lateral -all white columns |
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|
Term
| Each column contains bundles of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The axons are called ____ and are divided into 2 types |
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Definition
| tracts, sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) |
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Term
| The sensory (ascending)tracts consist of axons that conduct impulses |
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Definition
| toward the brain that are sensory |
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Term
| the motor or descending tract consist of |
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Definition
| axons that carry impulses down the spinal cord motor |
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Term
| How does the spinal cord promote homeostatsis |
|
Definition
| by conducting impulses along tracts |
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|
Term
| how is the name of the tract descriptive |
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Definition
| indicates position and where it begins and ends |
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Term
| all _______ and their branches are part of th PNS |
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Definition
|
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Term
| All spinal nerves are part of the cns and connect to the cns to sensory receptor muscles and glands in that order, are part of 31 pairs of _______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the 31 pairs of mixed nerves are _____ and ______ fibers |
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Definition
| have both motor and sensory fibers |
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Term
| How are spinal nerves named and numbered |
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Definition
| according to region and level |
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Term
| how many pairs of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyteal |
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Definition
| 8p cervical c1-c8, 12p thor t1-t12, 5p lumb l1-l5, 5psac, s1-s5, 1pair coccy |
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|
Term
| how many connections does a typical spinal nerve have |
|
Definition
| 2 connections to the cord, posterior, anterior |
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|
Term
| a posterior root contains? |
|
Definition
| unipolar sensory axon and posterior root ganglion |
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|
Term
| where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 connective tissues of the spinal nerves |
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Definition
| endoneurium, perneurium and epineurium |
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|
Term
| the _____ is the innermost layer, wraps individual axon whether myelinated or not |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the _____wraps fasicles, bundles of axons |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the ____ the superficial covering of the entire nerve |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the ______ fuses with the dura mater of the spinal meninges as the spinal nerve passes through the intervebral foramen |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the ______serves deep muscle and skin of the dorsal surface of the trunk |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ serve the muscles and structurers of the limbs and skin of the lateral and ventral surfaces of the trunk |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the ____ supplies the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments blood vessels of the spinal cord and meninges |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the meningeal branch supplies the |
|
Definition
| vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, bl vessels of the spinal cord and meninges |
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Term
| Rami are components of the _____ nervous system |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a _______ is a network of nerves veins or lymphatic vessels |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of nerves veins or lymphtic vessels |
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|
Term
| the ancterior rami of the spinal nerves do not go directly to body structures they form |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most spinal nerves are arranged in ___- |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a network of axons, fibers join and resort |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral coccygeal |
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|
Term
| _____ supplies the skin and musclesof the head neck and superior parts of the shoulders and chest |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the phrenic nerves arise from the cervical plexuses and supply ______ to the diaphram |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the _____ provide the entire nerve supply of the shoulders and upper limbs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 important nerves arise in this plexus, the axillary musculocutaneous radial median and ulnar nerve.. what plexus am I? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| now name all 5 important nerves that arise from the brachial plexus |
|
Definition
| axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median ulnar |
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|
Term
| the ______ supplies the deltoid and teres mminor muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ nerve supplies the flexors of the arm |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior aspect of the arma nd forearm |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______nerve supplies most of the muscles of the anterior forearma nd some of the muscle of the hand |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the ______ nerve supplies the anteromedial muscles of the forearma and most of the muscles of the hand |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| an injury to the ______ would affect the sensations and movement to the upper limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ________ supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external denital and lower limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the largeest nerve arising in the lumbar plexus is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whre does the femoral nerve extend |
|
Definition
| flexor muscles of thigh to extensor of leg |
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|
Term
| the _______ supllies the buttocks perineum and lower limbs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the largest nerve in the body |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the sciatic nerve arise from |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve arises from all genital areas |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where are there no plexus formations |
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Definition
| in the thorax, due to there are no limbs |
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|
Term
| what are thoracic nerves known as? |
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Definition
| intercostal nerves, directly innervate intercostal muscle and skin |
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|
Term
| an area of the skin that provides sensory input to the cns via pair of spinal nerves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does knowledge of the dermatomes give a physician |
|
Definition
| where damage to the spinal cord is |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 principal functions of the spinal cord |
|
Definition
| nerve impulse propagation, integration of information |
|
|
Term
| what is the white matter tracts of the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
| highways for nerv impules generation |
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