Term
True or False
A pkjkp travel through the inner core as a compressional wave |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Tsunamis occur in the open ocean, wavelengths are many miles or kilometers and wave heights are only a few feet. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is consisten with deformation by folding |
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Definition
| Horizontal distance is shortened perpendicular to fold axes. |
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Term
| What best describes the definition of the strike of a bed? |
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Definition
| bearing of a line formed by the intersection of the bed with a horizontal plane. |
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Term
| List low velocity zones in the earth (zones having lower velocity than materials immediatly above them). |
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Definition
| outer core and top of asthenosphere |
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Term
| The largest lateral, ground displacement is produced by__________ |
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Definition
| horizontal vibrating surface waves. |
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Term
| What question best describes the "problem" with low-angle thrust faults with many kilmeters of displacement? |
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Definition
| how is the thin upper plate moved such great distances without much internal deformation? |
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Term
| What is commonly used as adirect measure of the distance from a seismic recieving station to the focus of a distant earthquake. |
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Definition
| time interval between the first P-and S-wave arrivals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the rocks in the crust ae shortened horizontally and thickened in the vertical direction. |
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Term
How many of the following strikes and dibs for rock layers are Impossible?
Measurements listed (strike, dip, dip direction)
(N25W, 64SW)(N40E,45NW)(N55W,15NE)
(E-W,30S) |
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Definition
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Term
| A p wave is travelling down through the lithosphere and hits the lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary with an incident angle of 63 degrees. What will be the refracted angle of the wave as it enters the top of the asthenosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal and reverse faults are characterized by |
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Definition
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Term
| What describes elastic deformation? |
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Definition
| Streches easliy like a rubber band |
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Term
| An s wave is travelling down through the crust and hits the MoHo with an incident angle of 60 degrees. What will be the refracted angle of the wave as it enters the top of the mantle? |
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Definition
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Term
Which one of the following waves would arrive last
(pkikp)(skjkp)(skikp)(pkjkp)(skjks) |
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Definition
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Term
On a plot of arrival time of seismic wave vs distance from the energy source of earthquake.
True or False
Veloctiy of layers are inversely related to the slopes of the lines. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a stike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates |
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Term
| In reverse faulting,__________ |
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Definition
| the crust is shortened in the horizontal direction and thickened in the vertical direction. |
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Term
| Dense forms of ______ are probably major components of the inner core. |
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Definition
| crystalline iron and nickel |
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Term
| How are low-velocity zones or layers generally located by seismic methods |
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Definition
| by the presence of shadow zones |
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Term
| An 8.0 richter magnitude earthquake releases aproximately how much more energy than one with a 6.0 magnitude. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False concerning foci and epicenters.
The epicenter is at the surface directly above the focus where the earthquake initiates. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are faster than S waves and surface waves. |
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Term
True or False
oceanic crust is essentially the same composition as the mantle |
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Definition
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Term
True or False for anticlines but not for synclines
The deeper strata are buckled upward along the fold axis. |
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Definition
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Term
| On a typical seismogram, _______ will show the ghighest amplitudes. |
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Definition
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Term
| How was the Turnagain Heights area of Anchorage, Alska, Damaged during the 1964 earthquake |
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Definition
| a weak, subsurface, clay layer failed, resulting in numerous landslides |
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Term
| The Earth's magnetic fieldd_______ |
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Definition
| is a self-generating and self-reversing dynamo in the outer core. |
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Term
| With regard to submarine hydrothermal processes, what makes the "black smokers" black? |
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Definition
| they are black because very fine grained metal sulfide minerals precipitate as the hot fluid cools. |
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Term
| A reverse fault is one in which_______. |
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Definition
| the hanging wall block has moved up relative to the footwall block along an inclined fault. |
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Term
| A fault plane strikes N45E and dips steeply to the NW. Visual evidence indicates that most of the fault movement was vertical (dip-slip) and that permian rocks occur nothwest of the fault while Mississippian rocks lie to the souteast. The fault is most likely a |
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Definition
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Term
| The epicenter of an earthquake is the |
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Definition
| surface location directly above the point where the fault slip initiates. |
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Term
| Not a characteristic of the San Adreas fault zone. |
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Definition
| steep, near vertical, dip-slip, fault scarps. |
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Term
| Energy is stored in rocks adjacent to the site of a future earthquake as |
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Definition
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Term
| what best characterizes the parameters that one can determine from a plot of arrival time of seismic wave vs distance from the energy source of earthquake. |
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Definition
| velocity of layers and thickness of layers |
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Term
| In the eastern part of a region I am mapping, the beds strik N-S and dip to the west. In the western part of the region, the same beds are exposed and strike N-S and dip to the east. The oldest rocks in area are exposed in a N-S trending area near the center of the mapping area. Which one of the following best describes the structure. |
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Definition
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Term
| A deeply eroded, structural dome would exhibit |
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Definition
| strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns dipping away from the center of the structure with the oldest rocks in the center of the structure. |
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Term
| A graben is characterized by |
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Definition
| a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults. |
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Term
True or False
The solid inner core was discovered through modelling the arrival time of pkjkp and pkikp waves. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
S waves travel through solids only, but P waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. |
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Definition
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Term
| The great Rift Valley of East Africa is characterized by_______ |
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Definition
| mainly normal faulting as East Africa begins to fragment. |
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Term
| Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in what condition |
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Definition
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Term
| The __________ is directly related to the Richter earthquake-magnitude rating. |
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Definition
| amplitude of the seismic waves |
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Term
| _________are thought to be similar in composition to Earth's mantle |
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Definition
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Term
| The P-wave shadow zone is largely the reult of__________ |
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Definition
| refraction of P waves crossing the mantle-outer core boundary. |
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Term
| In the western part of a region I am mapping, the beds strike N-S and dip to the west. In the eastern part of the region, the same beds are exposed and strike N-S and dip to the east. The oldest rocks in area are exposed in a N-S trending area near the center of the mapping area. What best describes the structure. |
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Definition
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