Term
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Definition
| The farmer who Shay's Rebellion is named after. |
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Term
| Why did Daniel Shay and 1200 other men rebel? |
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Definition
| They (the working class) faced hard times (falling farm prices, shortage of money, heavy taxes and mounting debts). They protested and tried to overthrow state government. |
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Term
| In what state was Shays' Rebellion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What year was Shays' Rebellion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did Shays' Rebellion target? |
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Definition
| Merchants and state leaders. |
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Term
| How did the targeted party react to Shays' Rebellion? |
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Definition
| They were horrified and tried to suppress the rebellion. |
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Term
| What did lower class farmers and artisans in the 1780s believe liberty meant? |
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Definition
| The right to defend their interests against the upper class. |
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Term
| What happened to Daniel Shays after his rebellion? |
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Definition
| He was driven out of Massachusetts when his army collapsed a year later. |
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Term
| What did Shays' Rebellion show? |
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Definition
| The fragile nature and conflicting values under the Articles of Confederation. |
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Term
| When were the Articles of Confederation ratified? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long did the Articles last? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define republicanism of the 1780s. |
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Definition
| People choose political authority and can define and limit gov't power through written constitutions. |
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Term
| Who were "the people" in republicanism in the 1780s? Why? |
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Definition
| White property owning males, because in order to have informed political judgment you had to have economic self-sufficiency. |
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Term
| What state gave women the right to vote after the Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gains did the Revolution bring to women? |
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Definition
- Less restrictive divorce laws
- Somewhat greater access to educational and business opportunities
- Perception of women's moral status rose |
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Term
| Why were women educated after the Revolution? |
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Definition
| They needed to be able to pass republican views on to the next generation. |
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Term
| What effects did the Revolution have on African Americans? |
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Definition
- Free black communities grew
- African American culture developed
- Revolution's principles of liberty and equality convinced whites to challenge black slavery
- Made slave property less secure |
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Term
| Was African American slavery abolished in the South or North first? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Northern blacks struggle to overcome once they were free? |
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Definition
- Allowed to vote if they owned property, but most were poor
- Discrimination in jobs and housing
- Barred from juries
- Denied fair share of funds for schools |
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Term
| What side were Native Americans on in the Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Congress and state gov'ts do with Indian lands after the Revolution? |
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Definition
| Treated them as a prize of war to be distributed among white settlers. |
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Term
| What state gave Indians voting and legal rights after the Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the State Constitutions? |
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Definition
- Oppose everything that leans towards aristocracy
- Connecticut and Rhode Island dropped all references to royal authorities in their charters
- Massachusetts held elections for a special constitutional convention
- All limited executive power for fear of tyranny
- Governors elected annually
- Increased power of legislatures
- Lowered property requirements for voting and office-holding
- Mandated annual elections
- Increased the number of seats in legislature
- made representation proportional to population
- Upper houses were open to popular election
- included some form of Bill of Rights
- weakened (but not always severed) ties between church and state |
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Term
| How did the Articles of Confederation come into being? |
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Definition
| Congress needed to create a legal basis for a permanent union of the states, so it created a loose confederation of self-governing states. |
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Term
| What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
- Northwest Ordinance
- Not tyrannical
- Pot office
- Won the war
- Negotiate treaties
- So bad that everyone realizes they have to change it |
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Term
| What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
- 9/13 states to pass laws
- No standing army
- No central bank
- No coercive power
- Unanimous to amend
- No executive or judicial branches
- No leader
- 1 vote per state |
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Term
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Definition
| Congressmen, army officers, and public creditors who wanted to strengthen the Confederation at the expense of the states. Wanted Congress in charge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nationalists' figurehead, established the Bank of North America (first commercial bank). Came to be called the Financier of the Revolution. |
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Term
| Why did the depression start in 1784? |
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Definition
| Britain excluded the Americans from trade with the British West Indies in 1783, and all trade they did with Britain was required to be paid in silver and gold, which America had little of. |
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Term
| How long did the depression of 1784 last? |
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Definition
| The worst was over by the late 1780s, but full recovery didn't come until 1790s. |
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Term
| What was the first American West? |
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Definition
| Land between the Mississippi River and Appalachian Mountains |
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Term
| What was the Land Ordinance of 1785? |
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Definition
- The West between the M.S. River & Appalachian Mtns. had to be surveyed in a rectangular grid patters before being sold
- Had to be made into townships of 36 sections of 640 acres each (New England system)
- Land for $1 per acre
- Money from the sale of the 16th section was for schools |
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Term
| What was the Ohio Company? |
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Definition
| New England land speculators that Congress sold 1.5 million acres to because they were impatient waiting for the land to be surveyed under the Land Ordinance of 1785. |
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Term
| What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? |
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Definition
Detailed how a territory would become a state.
- 5,000+ adult males: could elect a legislature
- 60,000+ settlers: could apply for statehood
- Only 3-5 states could be formed out o the northwest
- Prohibited slavery |
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Term
| Why could only 3-5 states be formed out of the Northwest? |
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Definition
| The addition of new states decreased the original 13 states' control over Congress. |
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Term
| why did the British hold on to their forts in the West in the 1780s? |
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Definition
| Because of unpaid debts & America treating Loyalists badly. |
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Term
| What was the Peace treaty of 1783? |
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Definition
Concerned pre-war American debts to the British & the treatment of Loyalists by patriots.
- Called for payments of all pre-war debts at their full value in sterling money
- Made Congress "recommend" to th states that they stop persecuting Loyalists and give them their property back. |
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Term
| What did Spain do in 1784? |
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Definition
| Closed the part of the Mississippi River that was in its territory to American trade. |
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Term
| What was the Jay-Gardoqui Treaty? |
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Definition
| Americans agree to surrender claims to navigate the Mississippi for the next 30 years, and the U.S would get significant trading concessions in Spanish empire. |
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Term
| What happened at the Annapolis Convention in Maryland in 1786? |
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Definition
| Several state delegate met to devise a uniform system of commercial regulation of the country. While there, a group of nationalists called on all the states to send delegates to a convention at Philadelphia. |
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Term
| What happened in the Philadelphia Convention of 1787? |
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Definition
| Constitution was drafted. |
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Term
| What were the compromises made during the drafting of the Constitution? |
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Definition
- Small states had equal footing in upper house/Senate
- In the lower house/House of Reps, number of seats was proportional to population
- Free residents counted as 1 person
- 3/5 of everyone else was counted
- Majority vote required to enact trade legislation
- Congress couldn't act against the slave trade for 20 years
- Congress couldn't tax exports from any state
- All escaped slaves had to be returned |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of power between local and central authorities (what the Constitution was all about). |
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Term
| When was the Constitution ratified? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Great Compromise? |
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Definition
- Free residents counted as 1 person when deciding the number of reps
- Everyone else counted as 3/5 |
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Term
| What were the 3 phases of the Constitution? |
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Definition
1.) General framework and stronger nat'l gov't
2.) Debated specific powers to be delegated to the new gov't
3.) Question of the nat'l executive |
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Term
| What was the Constitution's greatest strength and weakness? |
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Definition
| The ambiguity in the Federalism. |
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Term
| Who made up the "Body Politic"? |
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Definition
- Free land-owning black men
- Land-owning white men
- Land-owning women in New York |
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Term
| Who made up the dependent class? |
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Definition
- Women
- Slaves
- Children
- Servants
- People who didn't own property |
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Term
| What was Republican Motherhood? |
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Definition
| Women were educated for the purpose of raising civic-minded republican sons. |
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Term
| What were the 3 reasons they had to change the Articles? |
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Definition
- Economic depression
- Shays' Rebellion
- Jay-Gardoqui Treaty |
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