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| Eight signs of evidence for continental drift |
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Definition
| geologic fit, sedimentological data, fossil trees, paleoclimate, similar fossil plant assemblages, similar fossil animal assemblages, folds and faults, polar wanderings |
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| earthquakes and volcanos around the pacific ocean |
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| examples of fossil plant assemblages that show evidence for continental drift |
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Definition
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| examples of similar animal fossils that give evidence for continental drift |
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Definition
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| plate movement types & which one is least believable |
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Definition
push, pull(divergent boundaries, only volcanos), sliding and piggyback(transform boundaries, earthquakes)
push is least believable |
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| divergent boundaries causes and effects |
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Definition
| normal faulting, seafloor spreading, low pressure and high temp w/ volcanos in between-ocean ridge has basalt bubbles like MORBS(mid-ocean ridge basalt)-continental ridge is ripped in half |
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| cannonball water gathers - rift leads to ocean ridge then seafloor spreads |
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| destroy crust-if you move apart, you have to come back together |
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| plate->continent-what happens |
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Definition
| sulture zone- continent goes above plate |
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Definition
| subduction zone where continent goes above ocean-causes deep sea trench with carbonates and limestones on top of eachother. |
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| subduction zone w/ island arc |
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| intricate folded, faulted and metamorphosed rock-at fransiscan rocks in cali |
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Definition
| masses of oceanic rock that become glued to continental crust-check out p. 174 |
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Definition
| p 181-severe rift-motion material coming to surface in piggyback-doesnt give full driving force, but does have influence and support |
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Term
| what drives plate techtonics? |
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Definition
| radioactivity, residual, friction |
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Term
| six modern ways to test plate techtonics theory |
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Definition
| paleomagnetic data, sediment age, geosynchonus satalites, distant quasars, micro continents, hot spots |
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Definition
| 1960s-harry hess proposed seafloor spreading--vine and matthews had magnetic reversals which are anomalities that make the poles reverse |
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Definition
| no layers more than 200 million years old have been found fore the marine layers are constantly being destroyed. the layers on the coast are the oldest with the middle of the ocean being the youngest |
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Definition
| check out page 185- oceanic plates move faster |
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Term
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Definition
| terrane-suspect terrane, accreted terrane |
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Definition
| area of volcano not related to surrounding plates |
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Definition
| in the hadean era, the sun holds 99.9% of all of the mass, big bang theory-a big clump formed into tons of little clumps |
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Definition
| 10- 18 billion years old-actually around 13.7 billion years old |
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Term
| how are the galaxies changing? |
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Definition
| the galaxies surrounding the milky way are moving away from us...we can tell this by the redshift they are sending off... |
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Term
| what are the possibilities to explain the universe? |
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Definition
| either the universe is forever expanding and speeding up, or it is oscillating...this means its made of dark matter that holds light and pulls matter in, like a black hole |
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Definition
| stars dong last forever, but they blow up...this is called a supernova |
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| meteorites and moon rock composition |
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Definition
| 90% of mass is in the center, while 10% is in the surrounding disk-4.1 and 4.2 |
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Definition
| start of planetary formation |
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Term
| when the temperature rises, and the pressure rises what happens? |
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Definition
| produces solar wind -fusion of hydrogen into helium-> ions(charged particles coming off of the sun(cant feel)) |
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| cold accretion model--hot accretion model |
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Definition
| was originally cold and then molten--was originally hot and then molten |
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Definition
| water can come in three different forms=solid, liquid and gas--large enough to hold its own atmosphere--magnetic field saves us from solar wind |
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Term
| terrestrial planet composition (M, V, E, M)--jovian planet composition (J, S, U, N, P) |
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Definition
| terrestrial=fe, mg, s, o--jovial= h, he, co2, ch |
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Term
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Definition
| due to its age, the mass whould have been recycled in subduction zones--check p. 198 |
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Term
| sedmentary rocks around edges of planet |
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Definition
| cratons, shields(old crystalline rocks exposed in center of shield), platform |
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Definition
| mountains with folded sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
| photochemical dissociation and photosynthesis |
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Term
| photochemical dissociation |
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Definition
| where uv rays slam into CO2 equating one C atom and one O2 atom-oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| sunlight-CO2 and H20 plus energy-releases O2 and converts CO2 to glucose |
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Definition
| p. 216--iron deposited w/o oxygen mixed with layers of iron deposited w/ oxygen. Shows red and black layers on top of eachother--black layers in water-deep marine |
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Definition
| in between varying black and red iron deposits-deep marine sediments |
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Term
| oxidizing chemical reactions |
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Definition
| *uv radiation split water molecules into one H and one O2 *purple bacteria uses photosynthesis and uses no O2 *cynobacteria releases O2 |
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Definition
| layers of an onion CaCO3-honey combed calcium carbonate-chemical participates around cynobacteria-trace fossils show this process |
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Term
| terrestrail sediment rocks(signs there was no oxygen at one point) |
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Definition
| 2.3 bilion years ago with red beds stating that there was no more uraninite which can only be formed in the absense of oxygen |
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Term
| signs of existance of oxygen |
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Definition
| copper deposits will only form w/ a lot of oxygen-signs of copper 1.7 billion years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| 03 not 02-protects from solar wind- we live in the trophosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| 4500 - 4000 billion years ago |
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Term
| order of prescence of oxygen |
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Definition
| no oxygen->banded iron formations -> oxidized redbeds -> 1% oxygen present -> now 10% oxygen present |
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Term
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Definition
| formulate da complete theory of a supercontinent that he named Gondwanaland-Gondwana-made of India Africa and South America |
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Term
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Definition
| book-Die Entstebung der Kontinente und Ozeane--concept of continental drift--dubbed Pangea |
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| calculated the ocean floor was too ridged to allow for passage of continents |
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Term
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Definition
| Panthalassa(universal ocean), Pangea(entire continent) Gondawanaland(Africa, South America, and India) and Laurasia(North America and Eurasia) |
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| Sir Edward Bullard, J.E. Everett, and A.G.Smith |
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Definition
| fitting together of continents by removing continental shelfs-computerized and error-tested |
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Definition
| found water depth during WWII, produced topographic profiles of the ocean floor- found guyotes |
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Definition
| contribute to theory of plate tectonics-ultimate closure of the basin as plates converge-Wilson cycle |
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Term
| F.J. Vine and Drummond Matthews |
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Definition
| variations in magnetic intensity were caused by reversals in the polarity of the Earths magnetic field |
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Term
| A. Cox, R>R. Doell, and G.B. Dalrymple |
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Definition
| found a method for determining age of stripes in basalt sea floor layers |
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Term
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Definition
| Pangea, Rodinia in Proterozoic and Pannotia in Precambrian |
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