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| One important aspect is needed to become king |
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| You need followers such as |
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| 2 ways to accumualate money |
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selling grain/livestock (yet this takes alot of time) Take it/Conquer another area |
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| Vikings were able to take: |
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North Umbria, Mercia, Kent, Sussex, Essex, East Anglia Everywhere except Wessex |
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| The vikings first attempt on attacking Wessex |
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| During 871, what did King Alfred do to postpone the vikings attack on Wessex? |
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| he bribed the with a huge amount of money to have them cease their attack |
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| the vikings return and this time take wessex |
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| The viking king they put on the throne in 878 |
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| Alfred escaped to where in 878? |
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Somersset in the Isle of Athelney which was an example of a cronnog |
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| What would Alfred have to do to win back the throne? |
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| Unite the anglo saxon forces together in one army to fight the vikings. |
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| where did alfred have all the anglo saxon tribes together? |
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| Egberts Rock/ Alfreds Tower |
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| Alfred was able to overthrow the vikings forces and reclaim his throne at Wessex. |
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| The vikings try to attack wessex on both of these dates but alfred was now to powerful for the vikings. |
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-The Anglo Saxon Chronicles. (892) -Life of Alfred |
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| Life of Alfred was written by |
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| Alfred learned latin and literacy at the age of |
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| Alfred was the only king that could read or write for |
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| The first set of written laws was established by whom? |
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| alfreds two childrens names |
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| Edward "the elder" and Aethelflead |
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| edward what type of king? |
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| a profound military minded king |
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| by 920 edward had conquered |
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| the lord of mercia but then he dies 7years later in 911 and she takes control |
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| aethelflead had no children of her own but she raised |
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| Aethelstan conquers York, Northumbria |
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| What factions began to fear Aethelstans growing power |
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-The Vikings of Dublin -The Scots -Smaller groups of Brittons who followed Danelaw |
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| Who becomes king after aethelstan and what was their connection? |
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-Edmund -He was aethelstans half brother and fought along side him in the Battle of Brunanburh |
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| The people of Northumbria do not recognize Edmund as king so they elect a norse viking king |
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| Northumbria once again selects a norse viking king named |
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| Name the significance behind Eric Bloodaxe's name |
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| He was the oldest of his five brothers. His father died and left his throne to Eric. His brothers were angered by this and began to fight him. His name comes form the fact that the axe was the favored weapon of the vikings and it was what he used on his 'blood' or family by axing his four brothers. |
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| Eric Bloodaxe ruled North Umbria |
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| Eric Bloodaxe was killed by having his eyes cut out with a spoon |
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| Eadred is on the throne for the House of Wessex |
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| Eadred rules house of wessex |
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| The point at which solidified North Umbria as a part of the permanent makeup of England. |
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| Since he was so young it caused many issues. After being king with little power he was able to appoint his younger brothe as the new king of mercia. who was he and when did he rule from? |
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| He was given the name the peacable because |
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| he stopped the fighting in england and was the first to unite england under one throne in peace. |
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| Edgar was actually crowned emperor |
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| Edgar was crowned emperor in bath for what reason/reasons? |
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| It reminded people of the Roman empire |
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| Caladonia was first inhabited by a group called the: |
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| The Scots are made up of the what? |
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| Irish, Celts, Picts, and Norse |
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| The first Scot king to unify all the Scottish tribes was who? |
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| who was a major cause for the picts being squeezed out of the area? |
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| The Scots took whatg Irish kingdom as thier own? |
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| king duncan was put on the throne of dalraida |
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| Macbeth ruled over what area? |
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| Duncans forces attack Moray |
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| Macbeth took Dalraida and then become what? |
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| The king of both Dalraida and Moray |
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| Macbeth ruled both areas as king |
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| Many english areas wanted the area of dalraida for themselves because? |
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| Northumbria with the backing of England attacks Macbeth (Battle of Dunsinnan) |
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| The person leading the Northumbrian forces was |
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| Female version of 'Mac' which means son of in caledonian |
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| The groups of families in the highlands were called: |
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| Each clan signified their groups by: |
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| if a family decided to join a clan based on a reason of protection, land. marriage, $ these families were called a : |
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| Macbeth fleed back to where? |
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| Earl Siward puts son of Duncan on the throne of the Scottish tribes: |
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| Malcom Cannmore (King Malcom 3rd) |
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| Earl siward puts malcom on the throne for two reasons |
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-He didnt want to take the throne because he realized civil war would brake out if there was an English king sat on a scottish throne. -The negotiations between Northumbria and the scottish kingdom would be upheld with malcom the third |
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| What was Malcom the thirds mission as king? |
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| to get revenge on Macbeth for his fathers death. |
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| before malcom truly wanted to rule he wanted to: |
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| Malcom takes his forces north and attacks macbeth and they defeat macbeths forces so macbeth |
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| Macbeth was killed by Malcom the third |
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| Moray becomes a permanent geographic aspect og the makeup of scotland |
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| malcoms kingdom used 3 different languages : |
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| gaelic, english, brittonic |
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| Each clan of scotland used various color schemes called: |
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| heroldic shields/coats of armora |
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| the first people were called |
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| eventually the kingdom of dalraida joined neighbouring areas and became |
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| 2 kings that accumulated massive amounts of power and explain how and the outcome |
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-Morgan Hen the Old. he became so popular and so powerful that his kingdom of glywysing was changed to MorganLand because of his popularity -Hywel Dda the good his popularity was so bug he was able to develop his own system of laws called "the Hywel Dda laws" |
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| What were the effects of Morgan Hen and Hywel Dda's death? |
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| Their Kingdoms were split up between other kings |
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| Why didnt england want to forget the past unlike Wales? |
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| England can force tributes from welsh kingdoms (blood money) |
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| What was the prophacy of Britain? |
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| Armes Prydein was the first poem to what? |
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| it was the first real attempt of a call of arms to promote patriotism |
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| 2 main characters of armes prydein |
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| Gruffud ap Llyweln rises to power |
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| who rose to power in england in the time of gruffud? |
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| why was it easy for harold to rally support against gruffud? |
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| Because not only did he make allainces with the wrong families which gave england a reason to attack him, but he had attacked places in wales to become a higher king so many people in wales disliked gruffud. |
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| Gruffud is almost defeated by Harold but |
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| he takes what few troops he has left and flees to snowdonia. |
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| Gruffuds own men actually corner him in Snowdonia and take his life. |
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| the actual soldier that killed gruffud was the son of one of the smaller kings that gruffud had killed to become king himself. |
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| Harold did not want to control Cymru after Gruffud had died because... |
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-Harold didnt want civil war by having an english king on a welsh throne -He was dealing (and more concerned with) the powerful families in england that were trying to put themselves in a postition for his throne |
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| He divided up gruffuds kingdom by who which led wales to what? |
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| he divided up his kingdom between the soldiers that had killed gruffud which pretty much made wales ununited again (almost like they had to start over) |
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What two things did haroold want from gruffids death? |
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1.He wanted the figurehead from his boat as a trophy 2.he had gruffuds head placed on a spike in his kingdoms court. |
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| The smallest of the irish kingdoms were called: |
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| One king in Ireland rises to power |
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| King Brians brother was king before him in Munster: |
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| Mathgamain was assasinated by the Norse Gaels of Limrick |
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| vikings that settle in northern ireland and assimilated too many gaelic traditions and customs |
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| The kings of ireland would do what to captured kings? |
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| keep them as hostages almost for a sign of respect. |
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| brian boru becomes the most powerful king in munster and remains for 30 years. |
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| During brians time, he conquered __ different kingdoms |
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| The most famous settlement Brian took out was___ |
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| a viking settlement controlled by the Norse King Ivaw "the boneless" of Limrick |
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| After Brians brother died his brother took the throne |
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| Brians brothers name in broth languages |
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Anglo Saxon- Mahon Gaelic-Mathgamain |
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| Mahon wants to protect his people so he |
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| creates a pact with the Norse King of Limrick |
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| Brian doesnt want to respect the pact so he |
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| takes a small force to the gills ro rebel against Ivar |
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| Brian becomes an amazing faction- |
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| an individual who develops a battle plan |
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| Brian becomes what for the Gaelic? |
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| How does this make Ivar feel about Brians symbol to the Gaelic? |
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| Mahon leads hus large kingdom for 8 years of peace but |
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| Ivar returns with another force |
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| Battle ensues and at the end Ivar plots sabotage and captures and kills Mahon |
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Brian challenges Ivar to a duel and slays Ivar which makes him the most powerful king in Munster in The High king |
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| Yet to the North another king it rising up into power around the same time as Brian |
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Gaelic- Melischnail Anglo Saxon- Malachy |
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| Malachy's direct decendent of |
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| Nail of the Nine Hostages |
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| Tell the story behind Nail of the Nine Hostages name |
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| he captured the nine most powerful kings, burried them in the hill of tara, having them face the west so the sun would take them into the afterlife. |
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| Nail of the Nine Hostages and Malachy came from what family? |
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| The Hill of Tara became what for the Gaelic kings? |
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| Nail would also take slaves back to ireland. One of the slaves he took back was: |
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| Malachy drives the vikings out of Ireland at the battle of Tara in |
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| Brian boru and Malachy create a pact because they are both gaelic kings and the vikings had just been pushed out of ireland but they later clashed.why did they clash? |
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| because the kings became greedy and wanted more power. |
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| Brian takes the south and Malachy take the north in |
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| Brian boru and malachy do clash but malachy could not rally enough support to defeat brian so he relinquished his crown in |
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