Term
| The following mineral is abundantly present in a shale |
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Definition
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Term
| A limestone consists essentially of the following mineral |
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Definition
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Term
| The following mineral is abundantly present in a sandstone |
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Definition
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Term
| A chert or a flint consists of |
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Definition
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Term
| The dark coloration of lfint is due to the presence of |
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Definition
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Term
| which one of the following is always a clastic or detrital sedimentary rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one is considered to be a chemical sedimentary rock |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one is always considered to be an evaporite sedimentary rock |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one is considered to be a secondary sedimentary rock (ie formation after replacement of minerals in a previously formed sedimentary rock) |
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Definition
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Term
| The most abundant sedimentary rock is |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following may not be commonly forming in very deep part (beyond the shelf) of the modern ocean |
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Definition
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Term
| Presence of rock fragments is very common in |
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Definition
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Term
| The most diagnostic feature in sedimentary rocks is |
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Definition
| layering or stratification |
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Term
| High degree of angularity of mineral grains in a sandstone would imply |
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Definition
| short amount of transportation |
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Term
| Graded bedding implies deposition |
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Definition
| in a deep water environment |
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Term
| The dominant mechanism by which calcite sediments are transformed into a limestone rock is |
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Definition
| dissolution-crystallization |
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Term
| Sandstones with poorly sorted grains would imply |
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Definition
| short transportation of the sediments which make up the rocks |
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Term
| Which one of the following sequences represents a continued (uninterrupted) marine transgression |
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Definition
| limestone at the top, shale underneath it, and sandstone at the bottom |
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Term
| Which one of the following rocks would often suggest that the sediments came from a nearby source |
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Definition
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Term
| cross-bedded sandstone or siltstone could imply that the sediments were deposited |
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Definition
| in a turbulent environment |
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Term
| A sequence of very thin beds of sedimentary rocks could imply |
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Definition
| very frequent changes in subsidence of the basin of deposition, very frequent changes in the supply of sediments from the source area to the site of deposition, very frequent changes in the energy of the sedimentation medium |
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Term
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Definition
| results from transformation of a parent rock essentially in a solid state condition |
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Term
| Chemically active fluid that would be necessary to promote metamorphism of a parent rock may come abundantly from the following rock |
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Definition
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Term
| identify a non-foliated metamorphic rock among the following |
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Definition
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Term
| Limestone recrystallizes during metamorphism into |
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Definition
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Term
| A sandstone is commonly changed by metamorphism into |
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Definition
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Term
| Slate is produced from metamorphism of |
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Definition
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Term
| The following rock does not produce a schist |
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Definition
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Term
| The following sequence is the progressively increasing order or intensity of metamorphism of a shale |
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Definition
| shale-slate-schist-gneiss |
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Term
| Metamorphic rocks in general |
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Definition
| have the same chemical composition as the parent rocks |
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Term
| Name major sources of heat for metamorphism of a rock |
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Definition
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Term
| The most diagnostic property of a metamorphic rock is |
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Definition
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Term
| The geologic time scale (in relative term) was constructed from study of |
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Definition
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Term
| The major divisions of the geologic time into eras are based on |
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Definition
| major breaks in the evolution of life |
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Term
| Which one of the following eras ended with the disappearance of the dinosaurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the period marked by the disappearance of the dinosaurs |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the youngest period in the Paleozoic era? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the period which includes the well known glacial Pleistocene epoch |
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Definition
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Term
| The isotopic age of the oldest terrestrial rocks that have been found so far is about |
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Definition
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Term
| Geologic studies have suggested that the Earth is |
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Definition
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Term
| In isotope decay schemes, which one yields radon gas |
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Definition
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Term
| Concentration of radon is lowest in areas where the bedrock is |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbon-14 isotope dating can be used on all of the following except |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbon-14 isotope date is limited to materials that are |
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Definition
| younger than 80,000 years |
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Term
| The fraction of a parent radioactive isotope remaining after four half-lives is |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the following isotope systems, which one is most likely to yield an age of the time of metamorphism |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the following minerals, which one can be investigated for isotope dating by the potassium-argon method |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the following minerals, which one CANNOT yield an isotope date by any one of the common methods |
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Definition
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Term
| If a stratigraphic sequence is missing a layer that should have been present within the sequence of parallel beds, then the sequence is described to have |
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Definition
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Term
| Earthquakes originate in the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cause components of the medium to be disturbed in the same direction as the direction perpendicular to the direction of propogation. |
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Term
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Definition
| have higher amplitudes than p waves |
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Term
| The earth's core has a liquid segment. This is suggested by the records of |
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Definition
| induced seismic waves that indicate the presence of a shadow zone for the S-waves. |
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Term
| The seismic waves with the highest amplitudes are |
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Definition
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Term
| Deep-focus earthquakes are often concentrated in |
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Definition
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Term
| The following records are used to determine the epicenter of an earthquake |
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Definition
| the differences in the arrival times between p and s waves |
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Term
| An average speed of p waves is about |
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Definition
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Term
| When the rocks begin to fracture |
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Definition
| the p wave velocity begins to decrease |
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Term
| the magnitude of an earthquake on Richter scale refers to |
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Definition
| the maximum amplitude of the p wave measured on a standardized seismogram located at about 100 km away from the epicenter |
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Term
| Relative to an earthquake of 5 on the Richter scale, an earthquake of 8 has a magnitude that is higher by |
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Definition
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Term
| Relative to an earthquake of 5 on the Richter scale, an earthquake of 8 releases about |
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Definition
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Term
| buildings constructed on flood plains suffer |
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Definition
| more damage than those built on shale because of liquefaction |
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Term
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Definition
| appear as low amplitude waves with crest to crest distance of a mile or more in the open ocean |
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Term
| Seismic surface waves with a high frequency |
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Definition
| cause more damage to short buildings than to tall buildings |
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Term
| earthquakes in eastern kansas are related to |
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Definition
| movement along an ancient rift zone |
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Term
| the san andreas fault with its many branching faults along which many earthquake epicenters are located is about |
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Definition
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Term
| which one of the following is an example of an earthquake precursor across an area of a known seismic gap |
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Definition
| continued decreases in the speed of induced p waves |
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Term
| shallow-focus earthquakes are limited to depths of less than |
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Definition
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Term
| which one of the following foundation rocks will be of greater threat to a structure from earthquake activities |
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Definition
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Term
| the magnitude of an earthquake is expressed as |
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Definition
| amount of displacement recorded in a seismometer 100 km away from the epicenter |
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Term
| magnitude of an earthquake following the construction of a dam could be as high as |
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Definition
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