Term
| The blood is composed of 2 portions |
|
Definition
| plasma and formed elements |
|
|
Term
Formed element in the blood
Erythrocytes- (RBC; red blood cells)
(?) Function |
|
Definition
| transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
Formed element in the blood
Thrombocytes (platelets)- Function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Formed element in the blood
Leucocytes (WBC)-
Function |
|
Definition
| components of the immune system |
|
|
Term
Leucocytes (WBC)- components of the immune system
2 types |
|
Definition
Granular- neutrophils, eosinophil’s and basophils
A granular- (non glandular) – monocytes; lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood
Universal Donor= Type 0 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood
Universal Recipient= |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rh+
the person would be Rh+ (means they could synthesize the Rh protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the person would be Rh- (lack the ability to synthesize the Rh protein) |
|
|
Term
| What happens if you don't get the right blood match |
|
Definition
Blood proteins on the surface of the cell that must be matched or it could cause death ABO and Rh in blood protein
If the blood proteins are not matched correctly, if not the recipient of the mismatch will have an immune system generated antibodies (agglutinin) against the foreign blood |
|
|
Term
| What happen if the person is Rh- and tries to give to a RH + person |
|
Definition
| If the person has a Rh- and you try to give an Rh+ this is a condition known as hemolytic disease of newborns (erthroblastosis fetalis) occurs when mom and baby are different. Must give mom Rhogram so mom does attack baby |
|
|
Term
| How do you define cardiac output? |
|
Definition
| Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle/min (units=L/m) |
|
|
Term
| In the heart contraction what is systole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Be able to state the steps for the sliding filament model for muscle contraction |
|
Definition
1.Action potential (electrical stimulation) from somatic (efferent) motor nerve stimulates skeletal muscle fiber
2.Cause release of calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum
3.Calcium ions bind to troponin, troponin changes shape
4.Tropomyosin is moved off of the cross bridge binding sites found in actin
5.Myosin cross bridges bind to cross bridge binding sites found on actin
6.ATP via ATPase form ADP and Pi and ENERGY
7.Actin slides pass myosin, i.e. a contraction (sliding filament model)
8.Active transport pump carries calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, troponin return to the pre-calcium ion shape; tropomyosin blocks the cross bridge binding sites on actin, ATP reform releasing the bond between actin and myosin |
|
|
Term
| Function of a heart valve |
|
Definition
| Permit blood flow in one direction preventing (backflow or regurgitation) of blood opening and closing under the control of the blood pressure generated by the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles of the ventricles |
|
|
Term
AV valves found between atria and ventricle
List them? |
|
Definition
AV valves found between atria and ventricle
Tricuspid valve=found on the right side between atrium and ventricle, it has 3 flaps
Bicuspid (mitral) valve= found on left side between atrium and ventricle; it has 2 flaps |
|
|
Term
2 semilunar valves
List them |
|
Definition
There are 2 semilunar valves
Aortic semilunar valve= located in aorta as it leaves left ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve= located in the aorta as it leaves the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| List the 4 valves of the heart |
|
Definition
1. Tricuspid valve=found on the right side between atrium and ventricle, it has 3 flaps
2. Bicuspid (mitral) valve= found on left side between atrium and ventricle; it has 2 flaps
3 Aortic semilunar valve= located in aorta as it leaves left ventricle
4. Pulmonary semilunar valve= located in the aorta as it leaves the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plasma=the liquids (matrix) portion of the blood with dissolved substances like blood gases, digested food, hormones, enzymes and electrolytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Water- 92% of plasma-dissolves and transports organic and inorganic molecules, aides in heat transfer and maintaining body heat as well as controlling blood pressure.
Plasma Proteins-7% of plasma-(albumins; globulins, fibrinogens) |
|
|
Term
| Cations in plasma (electrolytes) |
|
Definition
| Cations=positive charged electrolytes (Na+; K+, Ca++, Mg++, H+) |
|
|
Term
| Anions in plasma (electrolyte) |
|
Definition
| Anions= negatively charged electrolytes (Cl-; PO4---, So4--, HCO3-, OH-) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Help maintain blood pressure, and normal pH |
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of plasma proteins? |
|
Definition
| -(albumins; globulins, fibrinogens) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the plasma protein albumin |
|
Definition
| Albumin-major contributor to osmotic concentration of plasma and transport some lipids |
|
|
Term
| Describe the plasma protein globulins |
|
Definition
Globulins-immunoglobins (antibodies) attach foreign proteins and pathogens
And transport globulins bind small ions, hormones or compounds that are insoluble or filtered out of kidney |
|
|
Term
| Describe the plasma protein fibrinogen |
|
Definition
| Fibrinogens-manufactured by the liver and necessary in blood clotting |
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of muscle tissue |
|
Definition
| Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
|
|
Term
| What are Isotonic contractions? |
|
Definition
1. Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions
2. The muscle shortens
Ex: Bending the knee, rotating the arms, and smiling |
|
|
Term
| What are Isometric contractions? |
|
Definition
. Tension in the muscled increases
2. The muscle is unable to shorten
Ex: Muscles are contracting isometrically when you try to life a 400 lb dresser alone. When you straghten a bent elbow, the triceps muscle is contracting isotonically. But when youpus against a wall with bent elbows, the wall doesn't move, and the triceps muscles, which cannot shorted to straighten the elbows, are contracting isometrically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessels that carry blood back into the heart |
|
|
Term
| Pericardium (Name 2 parts) |
|
Definition
outer portion of a serous membrane
1. fibrous pericardium= the outer portion consisting of connective tissues used to anchor the heart to the body.
2. serous pericardium= the inner portion consisting of an epithelial serous membrane that produce watery fluid that lubricates the heart which moves within pericardial sac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the heart (cardiac)muscle which is the main structure of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area located between the lungs where the heart is located, heart is situated so that about 1/3 of the heart is on the right side while remaining two thirds is on the left side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the simple squamous epithelial lining of the cavities within the heart, the endocardium continues into the blood vessels where the lining is in direct contact with the blood |
|
|
Term
| ''Trace the pathway for electric current flow through the electrical conducting system, stating with the hearts natural pacemakes” |
|
Definition
| sino atrial node-intermodal pathways-atrioventricular node -atrioventicular bundle (AV Bundle) right/left bundle brances-purkinge fibers |
|
|
Term
| Be able to define in anatomical/physiological terms the state known as muscle tone |
|
Definition
| Muscles are partially contracted state at low level of activity, muscle tone is maintained by a normal reflex and is improved with exercise, the muscles within a group are not all contracting at the same time but rather some muscles contract while other relax and then muscles reverse allowing some muscles to be contracting while others rest. Number of muscle fibers decrease with age. |
|
|
Term
| Be able to state and explain the various forms of energy used to keep muscle cells operating |
|
Definition
1.Creatine phosphate (CP, the P possessing a high energy bond)
2.Oxidative phosphorylation of glucose (Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport system) and beta oxidation (lipid catabolism)
3.Glycolysis |
|
|
