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| texture in rock that implies formation on deep ocean floor |
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| A batholith consists predominantly of |
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| Hawaiian volcanic activities are linked to |
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| The chain of volcanic mountains, forming the Cascade Mountain, represents volcanic activity |
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| along convergent plate boundaries |
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| Nuees ardentes type volcanic eruption, as illustrated by the 1902 eruption of Mont Pelee in the Caribbean Islands, is one with discharges of |
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| gases and rhyolitic flows |
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| Lava flows relating to magmatic activities at divergent plate boundaries are predominately |
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| Lava flows relating to magmatic activities at convergent plate boundaries are predominately |
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| The excessive pressure needed for the huge Krakatoa explosion of 1883 most probably was aided by |
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| superheated steam produced by intrusion of ocean water into the area near a magma chamber |
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| The Vesuvius eruption of 72 AD that destroyed the city of Pompeii was caused by volcanic activities related to |
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| convergent plate boundaries (usually explosive) |
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| Fissure type erruption is rare in the recent history of Earth. The youngest record of such an eruption is in Iceland and it occured about little more than 200 years ago. The type of rock typically associated with such an erruption is |
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| The erruption of Sturtsey, southwest of Iceland, had three main phases. Explosive erruption occurred during |
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| The calamity that occurred in the Lake Nyos area in Cameroon, western Africa, was related to |
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| The most important role of disintigration on weathering is |
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Definition
| to provide increased surface area for chemical reactions |
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| Rhyolitic weathers more rapidly than granite because |
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| it is a fine-grained rock, whereas granite is a coarse-grained rock |
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| Basalt weathers more rapidly than andesite because |
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| Most stable under weathering conditions |
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| Least stable under weathering conditions |
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| Most resitant to chemical weathering |
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| Promotes the rate of chemical weathering |
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| Chemical weathering of rocks in a valley is more pronounced than that of the same rocks on a hill top because |
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| acidity of water is higher in the valley |
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| Mineral that cannot alone form clay minerals by weathering |
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| This mineral leaves no secondary mineral product when exposed to weathering |
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| This mineral will contribute potassium to river and ground waters when exposed to weathering |
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| This mineral will contribute calcium to river and ground waters when exposed to weathering |
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| This soil has very little clay minerals in it |
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| Mineral that does not influence the acidity of water |
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| Not a source of acid that can help decompose or weather rocks |
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| oxygen, nitrogen, and argon |
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| The presence of organic matter |
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| increases the rate of chemical weathering |
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| Mineral abundantly present in shale |
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| Mineral that limestone consists of |
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| Mineral abundantly present in sandstone |
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| A chert of flint consists of |
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| The dark coloration of flint is due to the presence of |
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| A chemical sedimentary rock |
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| Evaporite sedimentary rock |
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| Secondary sedimentary rock |
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| Most abundant sedimentary rock |
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| Does not form in a commonly deep part of the ocean |
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| Presence of rock fragments is very common in |
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| The most diagnostic feature in sedimentary rocks is |
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| layering or stratification |
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| High degree of angularity of mineral grains in a sandstone would imply |
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| short amount of transportation |
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| Graded bedding implies decomposition in |
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| The dominant mechanism by which calcite sediments are transformed into a limestone rock is |
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| Sandstones with poorly sorted grains would imply |
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| Represents a continued marine transgression |
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| limestone on top. then sandstone, and then shale |
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| Rock that suggests that sediments came from a nearby source |
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| Cross-bedded sandstone or siltstone could imply that sediments where deposited |
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| in an aeolian environment |
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| A sequence of very thin beds of sedimentary rocks could imply |
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Definition
-frequent changes in the subsidence of the basin in decomp
-very frequent changes in the supply of sediments from the source area to site of decomp
-frequent changes in energy of the sedimentation medium |
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| results form transformation of a parent rock essentially in a solid state condition |
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| chemically active fluid that would be necessary to promote metamorphism of a parent rock may come abundantly from |
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| Non-foliated metamorphic rock |
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| Limestone recrystallizes during metamorphism into |
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| Sandstone is commonly changes by metamorphism into |
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| Slate is produced from metamorphism of |
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| Rock that does not produce schist |
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| Sequence of progressively increasing order or intensity of metamorphism of shale |
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| shale - slate - schist - gneiss |
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| Metamorphic rocks in general... |
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| have the same chemical composition as the parent rocks |
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| Major sources of heat for metamorphic rocks |
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| The most diagnostic property in metamorphic rock is |
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