Term
| Release chemicals such as Bradykinin, Seratonin, & histamine, that stimulate nociceptors |
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Definition
| what substances do injured tissues release? |
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Definition
| neurological gate that either blocks pain or allows it to continue to the brain |
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Definition
| pain from skin, muscles, and joints is called? |
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| myelinated fivers priduce the sensation of? Sharp sensation |
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Definition
| unmyelinated fibers priduce sensation that follows. Dull, Longer lasting |
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Term
Encapsulated Nerve Endings
(Meissner's & Pacinian Corpuscle) |
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Definition
| nerve fibers wrapped in glial cells or CT |
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Term
unencapsulated nerve endings
(Tactile/Merkel Discs, hair receptors, free nerve endings) |
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Definition
| sensory dendrites wrapped in CT (2 types) |
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Term
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Definition
| an area where any sensory neuron detects stimuli |
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Term
Are directly exposed to the enf. they are called ofactory mucosa. Forcible sniffing is needed to trigger smells/cells.
2. Are not epithelial cells/ are neurons |
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Definition
1. how are olfactory epith. cells activated? contrast to taste
2. |
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Definition
| vallate papillae @ rear of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny spikes w/o taste, rough feel of a cat's tongue; most abundant; helps us to feel texture |
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Definition
| form the parallel ridges on side of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| shaped like mushrooms; on tips and sides of tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| large papillae @ V of tongue; 7-12 of them, contain 1/2 of taste buds, 250 of them. |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter found @ the nociceptor-to-second order nerve synapse |
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Term
| function of auditory/estachian tube |
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Definition
| passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear. equalizes pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| a cushion of fluid between the bony and membranous labyrinth. |
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Term
| malleus, stapes, and incus ossicles |
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Definition
| connect the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. |
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Definition
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Definition
| organs of equilibrium (hair cells are stimulated to signal a change) |
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Definition
| a transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelid and anterior surface of the eyeball, except the cornea. secrete mucous. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of lacrimal gland, and ducts that drain the tears into the nasal cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Superior, inferior, medial, and lateral recus. Superior and inferior Oblique |
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Term
| trochlear nerve & cranial nerve IV |
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Definition
| suuperior oblique muslce is innervated by the |
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Term
| abducens & cranial nerve VI |
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Definition
| Lateral rectus is innervated by the |
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Term
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Definition
| divided into the sclera and (cornea modified sclera) |
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Term
| vascular layer/tunica vasculosa/uvea |
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Definition
| consists of choroid, ciliary body, and iris. |
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Term
| inner layer/ tunica internal |
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Definition
| consists of the retina and beginning of the optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior transparent region of modified sclera that admits light into the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| a serous fluid secreted by the ciliary body into a space between the iris and lens (posterior chamber) |
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Term
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Definition
| suspended behind the pupil by a ring of fibers called the suspensory ligament that attaches this to the ciliary body. composed of tightly compressed lens fibers |
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Term
| vitreous body (vitreous humor) |
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Definition
| a transparent jelly that fills a large space behind the lens. (vitreous chamber) |
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Definition
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Definition
| fluid located in posterior cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by the ciliary body |
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Term
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Definition
| clouding of the lens. occurs as the lens fibers darken with age.. cause milky vision. can be fixed with implanted lens. |
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Term
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Definition
| state of elevated pressure within the eye. Aqueous humor is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted. symptoms are dimness of vision, narrowed visual field, vision cannot be restored. |
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Term
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Definition
| forms from a cup shaped outgrowth of the diencephalon. actual part of the brain. a thin transparent membrane attached to the rest of the eye by the optic disc and the ora serrata. |
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Term
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Definition
| where the optic nerve leaves the rear (fundus) of the eye. is also known as the blind spot due to no receptor cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny pit in the center of the macula. produces the most finely detailed images |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of a spokelike arrangement of modified contractile epithelial cells. When stimulated by the SYMPATHETIC nervous system, cells contract and widen the pupil. occur when light intensity changes and when gaze is shifted b/tw objects |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of somooth muscle cells that encircle the pupil. Narrows the pupil and admits less light into the eye. |
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Definition
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Definition
| part of the eye that refracts light the most |
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Definition
| inablity to simultaneously focus light rays that enter the eye on different planes. caused by deviation of the cornea |
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Term
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Definition
| farsightedness, when the eyeball is too short. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearsightedness, when the eyeball is too long |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced ability to accommodate for near vision with age. declining flexibility of the lens. |
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Definition
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Definition
| darkly pigmented layer that absorbs stray light so it does not degrade the visual image. |
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Term
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Definition
| outer segment is cylindrical and resembles a stack of coins. has rhodopsin in the cylindrical segment. responsible for night vision and only images of shades of gray |
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Term
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Definition
| outer segment tapers to a point. function in bright light. Are responsible for day/ photopic vision and color vision |
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Term
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Definition
| first order neurons of the visual pathway. synapse with rods and cones |
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Term
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Definition
| largest neurons of the retina. arranged in a single layer close to the vetreous body. second order neurons of the visual pathway. receive input from multiple bipolar cells. Axons of these cells form the optic nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| changes to a straight form known as the trans-retinal when illuminated |
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