Term
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Definition
| Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. |
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Term
| FOR SOMETHING TO BE A CRIME... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.) Mala In Se
2.) Mala Prohibita |
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Term
| What is the difference between Mala in Se and Mala Prohibita? |
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Definition
Mala in Se - Acts that are wrong in themselves. (Murder, Rape...)
Mala Prohibita - Acts that are considered wrong only because there is a law against it. (Speeding, Drugs...) |
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Term
| What caused an increase in crime from 1850 - 1890? |
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Definition
| A dramatic increase in crime due to the social upheaval of large scale immigration. |
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Term
| What caused an increase in crime during the 60's - 70's? |
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Definition
| The Civil Rights movement. By the 1980's, the CRM had affected all areas of social life from education and employment to the activities of the criminal justice system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US Constitution. |
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Term
| An increase in the emphasis of INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS caused... |
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Definition
| a dramatic increase in reported criminal activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| caused an EXPLOSION of crime. |
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Term
| What TV show took advantage of the drug epidemic? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 examples of why Police were criticized in the early 90's? |
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Definition
1992 - Videotaped beating of Rodney King.
1993 - FBI Raid in Waco, TX. David Koresh and 71 followers burned to death. |
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Term
| How did the public view crime in the 1990's and 2 examples? |
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Definition
Out of control and strict measures were needed to combat it.
1.) 1995 - OK City Building Bombing
2.) 1999 - Columbine HS Shooting |
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Term
| What was the public's perception of criminals? (Grab Violent Criminals by the Throat) |
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Definition
| Criminals went unpunished and people became fearful of their own victimization lead to a new emphasis of individuals accountability. |
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Term
| Who created "Grab Violent Criminals by the Throat" view point and popularized it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who or what colors our perception of CRIME? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Due to 9/11/01 - took away a lot of individual rights for the well being of the people. Whatever it takes to make us safe is what we're willing to do. |
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Term
| What is society's perception of criminals TODAY? |
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Definition
| See criminal as a dangerous social predator who usurps the rights and privledges of law abiding citizens. |
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Term
| INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ADVOCATE |
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Definition
| One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice. EX: A lawyer. |
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Term
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Definition
ACLU: American Civil Liberties Union
NAACP: National Alliance of the Advancement of Colored People
AI: Amnesty International
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interest of society should take precedence over individual rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| A concept that embraces all aspects of civilized life. |
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Term
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Definition
| RELATIVE! Depends who's looking at it! |
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Term
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Definition
| Concerns itself with fairness in relationships between citizens, gov and businesses in private matters such as those involving contractual obligations, business dealings, hiring and equality of treatment. |
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Term
| Criminal justice concerns... |
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Definition
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Term
| Three components of the Criminal Justice System |
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Definition
1.POLICE
2.COURTS
3.CORRECTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
1.LEGISLATIVE (make)
2.EXECUTIVE (enforce)
3.JUDICIAL (judge) |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumes that each of the component parts of the criminal justice system strives toawrds a common goal and that the movement of cases and people through the system is smooth due to cooperation between the various components of the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the goals of the ind agencies often conflict and pressures for success, promotion, pay increases and general accountability fragment the efforts of the system as a whole. |
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Term
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Definition
1.INVESTIGATION AND ARREST
2.BOOKING
3.FIRST APPEARANCE
4.PRELIMINARY HEARING
5.INFORMATION OF INDICTMENT
6.ARRAINMENT
7.ADJUCATION
8.SENTENCING
9.CORRECTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| A writ issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act (arrest) and affording the officer protection from damages if he/she performs it. |
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Term
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Definition
| A written document of facts that is sworn to by a law enforcement officer, and signed by a judicial officer to get a warrant. |
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Term
| What constitutes an arrest? |
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Definition
| When their freedom to leave is taken away. |
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Term
| When do you receive your Miranda rights/warning? |
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Definition
| Only when you are being questioned about the crime you allegedly committed |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of fingerprints? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Within hours of arrest, suspects must be brought before a magistrate for an initial appearance. The judge will tell the defendant of the charges against them, will then again advise them of their rights. |
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Term
| How quickly does one have their FIRST APPEARANCE? |
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Definition
If arrested W/O a warrant - 48 hrs
If arrested W/ warrant - 72 hrs |
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Term
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Definition
| the money or property pledged to the court of actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody. |
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Term
| When is a defendant not considered for bail? |
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Definition
Defendant is
1.)being considered for death penalty
2.)danger to the community
3.)flight risk |
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Term
| What is decided at a preliminary hearing? |
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Definition
1.)Whether a crime was committed
2.)Whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the court
3.)Whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the crime |
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Term
| What is a preliminary hearing also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| When can someone seek a plea bargain? |
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Definition
| After/during the preliminary hearing. |
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Term
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Definition
| a formal written accusation that is filed on the basis of the outcome of the prelimiary hearing by the DA |
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Term
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Definition
| a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging the specified person has committed a specialized offense. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of citizens who have been selected according to the law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the accused person to trial, to investigate criminal activity or to investigate the conduct of a public agency or an official. |
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Term
| How many Grand Jury members in GA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| One-sided & No one knows where they're meeting |
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Term
| Indictment occurs when... |
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Definition
| A grand jury returns a TRUE BILL. |
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Term
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Definition
| the defendant was not indicted. |
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Term
| A Grand Jury can ask questions of who? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF THE DEFENDANT BEFORE THE COURT THAT HAS THE AUTHORITY TO CONDUCT A TRIAL. |
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Term
| What pleas can the defendant make during an arraignment? |
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Definition
1.)Guilty
2.)Not Guilty
3.)No Contest |
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Term
| Why are all guilty pleas not accepted? |
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Definition
| The judge feels that the defendant does not understand or is being pressured to supply this pleas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Don't have to go to prison BUT must satisfy all conditions of probation. |
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Term
| What outcomes can come from sentencing? |
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Definition
1.)Prison Time (Min/Mand)
2.)Concurrent (runs together) or Consecutive (back to back) |
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Term
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Definition
| IF you don't like conviction or sentence, appeal it. Mostly won based on due process issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternative to going to prison |
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Term
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Definition
| Let out of prison early with conditions. Granted by GA PAROLE board. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Born in America, You are American |
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Term
| 3 Important Bill Of Rights |
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Definition
Right to..
1.)be assumed innocent until proven guilty.
2.)against searches and seizures
3.)against arrest w/o probable cause |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with issues of organizational effectiveness and violations of law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientific study of of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of the offenders. |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to enforce the law and to maintain public order |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to protect individuals from injustice, especially at the hands of the criminal justice system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uniform Crime Reporting System |
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Term
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Definition
| National Crime Victimization Survey |
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Term
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Definition
| When crimes go unreported... |
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Term
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Definition
| Georgia Crime Information Center |
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Term
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Definition
| National Crime INformation Center |
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Term
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Definition
| Murder, Forcible Rape, Robbery, Aggrivated Assault, Burglary, Theft |
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Term
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Definition
National Incident-Based Reporting System
ELIMINATED THE HIERARCHY RULE |
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Term
| What happened in the 1940's? |
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Definition
| Crime decreased sharply to due to young men being shipped over seas for WWII. |
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Term
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Definition
| Baby boom. Once their kids became of crime producing age, it rose again. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased b/c of civil rights |
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Term
| Increase in crime caused by fighting the ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an increase jobless rate among unskilled workers and an increase in convicts back on the streets and children on the internet. |
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Term
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Definition
1.)Violent - violent/personal (murder,rape)
2.)Property - burglary, motovehicle theft. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.)Active 2.)Cleared by arrest 3.)exceptionally cleared (die/flee) 4.)unfound |
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Term
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Definition
| MURDER, RAPE, ROBBERY, BURGLARY, AGGRAVATED ASSAULT, LARCENY, MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT, ARSON. |
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Term
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Definition
| the unlawful killing of one human by another. |
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Term
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Definition
| the carnal knowledge of a female, forcible and against her will. |
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Term
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Definition
| does not recognize rape of a male, does recognize spousal rape (least reported), does not include aggravated sodomy in the definition of rape. |
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Term
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Definition
| a personal crime involving FACE TO FACE confrontation between victim and perp. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is primarily a property crime, even though it may involve personal and violent confrontation. |
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Term
| 3 Classifications of Burglary |
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Definition
1.)Forcible Entry
2.)Unlawful entry where no force is used.
3.) Attempted forcible entry. |
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Term
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Definition
SIMPLE - pushing/shoving
AGGRAVATED - Weapon is used or medical attention is needed. |
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Term
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Definition
Simple = < 300.00
Grand = > 300.00 |
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Term
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Definition
Theft FROM car
Shoplifting
Car parts
Bikes
Coin Operated Machines
Purse Snatching |
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Term
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Definition
| Most reported bc insurance requires police report (fakes are high) |
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Term
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Definition
| intentional and unlawful burning of structures |
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Term
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Definition
Social Order or Victimless Crimes
Gambling, prostitution, vandalism... |
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Term
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Definition
| national crime victimization survery. self reports rather than police reports. census bureau asks people over age of 12 about crimes and found that crimes were more prevalent than the UCR reported them. |
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Term
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Definition
UCR
-not all people report when victimized
-certain kinds of crimes are reported rarely
-a victim's report may not be accurate.
NCVS
-personal interpretations of facts
-more reclusive people are less likely to talk
-no attempt is made to validate thoughts
-different definitions of crimes in different states |
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Term
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Definition
| victimized less frequently than men except for rape. women make modifications in the way they live bc of the threat of crime unlike men. |
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