Term
(Five Features of Communication)
Process |
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Definition
| Unfolds over time through series of interconnected actions (ie. people talking back and forth to make plans for an outing) |
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Term
(Five Features of Communication)
Messages |
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Definition
| “package” of info transported during communication |
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Term
(Five Features of Communication)
Context/Situations |
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Definition
| situations in which communication exists |
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Term
(Five Features of Communication)
Channels |
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Definition
| sensory dimension along which communicators transmit information; can be auditory, visual, [touch], [scent] or oral |
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Term
(Five Features of Communication)
Media |
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Definition
| a broad range of tools used to transmit info (ie. Handwritten letters, email/text/twitter/Facebook) |
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Term
Five Features of Communication
[name all 5] |
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Definition
| Process, Messages, Context, Channels, Media |
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Term
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Definition
| Sender (of the message) → Noise (psychological/physical noise) → Receiver |
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Term
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Definition
Field of Experience: (FoE affects communication)
Sender → Noise → Receiver → Returns back to sender |
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Term
| Transactional Comm. Model |
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Definition
| always evolving/adapting; both parties contribute to the meaning |
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Term
Interpersonal Communication
(define) |
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Definition
| Dynamic form of communication between two (or more) people in which the messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships. |
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Term
| Intrapersonal Communication |
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Definition
| communication with only one person (talking out loud or mental conversation) |
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Term
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Definition
| involves pairs of people; able to change a person's thoughts, emotions, behavior and relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| When you hold someone very dear to you |
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Term
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Definition
| Treating people like objects |
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Term
| Self-Presentational Goals |
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Definition
| goals you have to present to yourself in certain ways so that others perceive you as being a particular person |
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Term
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Definition
| practical goals you want to achieve or tasks you want to accomplish through a particular interpersonal encounter |
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Term
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Definition
| building, maintaining, or terminating bonds with others |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication about communication; conveys content and relationship info (relation influences how you stay content) |
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Term
| Why or How is Interpersonal Communication Dynamic |
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Definition
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Term
| Why or How is Interpersonal Communication Intertwined with Ethics? |
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Definition
| Moral principles guide our behavior; translate inner moral beliefs to outward action |
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Term
| Interpersonal Communication Competence |
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Definition
| consistently communicating in ways that are appropriate, effective and ethical |
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Term
| What are the central components of Interpersonal Communication Competence? |
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Definition
| Effectiveness + Appropriateness |
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Term
| 4 Central Features of Organizational Communication |
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Definition
~Interdependence
~Differentiation of tasks and functions
~goal orientation
~control |
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Term
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Definition
| The self compromises here components that develop continually over time, based on a person’s life experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| your overall perception of who you are (beliefs, attitudes, values) |
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Term
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Definition
| An ability to step outside yourself; view yourself as a unique person distinct from your surrounding environment; reflect on your thoughts, feelings, behaviors (limited to humans, apes, and dolphins) |
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Term
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Definition
| people think I’m talented, and they like me” – translates into certain self beliefs – “I feel good about myself” |
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Term
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Definition
| : “given who I am, what’s my evaluation of my worth”; self-discrepancy theory: 2 mental standards – Ideal Self (the characteristics you want to processes based on your desires), Ought-self (he person others wish and expect you to be) |
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Term
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Definition
| your self esteem comes from the comparison of the ideal self (what would be “perfect”) and the ought self (person others wish and expect you to be) |
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Term
| Social Penetration Theory |
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Definition
| The idea that revealing the self to others involves peeling back or penetrating layers |
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Term
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Definition
Breadth - amount of topics you want to cover
Depth - how far you get into a topic |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that "I am a good communicator and interviewee" translates into a good interview and job offer" |
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Term
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Definition
| (ie. a red Ferrari is the prototype of a stereotypical ‘fast car’) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Gender Socialization
(how does this have to do with the self?) |
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Definition
| learning from others what it means personally, interpersonally, and culturally to be “male” or “female” |
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Term
Attachment Styles
(name each) |
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Definition
| Secure, Anxious, Avoidant |
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Term
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Definition
| develops when a caregiver is highly affectionate and responsive; strong emotional bond; belief that love is dependable, desirable, predictable |
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Term
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Definition
| limited attention from caregivers; may be responsive at times, but at other times may be highly unresponsive and potentially abusive; a desire to be loved and an inability to trust love – results in an increase in dependency on others and a desire for commitment |
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Term
| Avoidant Attachment Style |
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Definition
| Viewing love as something that only causes pain and unhappiness; receiving little or no attention from caregivers – avoid intimacy at all costs during their adult lives |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the self we present to others |
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Term
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Definition
| the self that exists inside each of us and consists of our self-awareness, self-concept, self-esteem |
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Term
| Ervin Goffman's Face Threat & Mask |
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Definition
Face Threat - the fear of losing face
Mask - deception; strategic veil for private self |
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Term
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Definition
| ‘selecting’ info from your environment, organizing it, and interpreting data about people, events and situations |
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Term
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Definition
| focusing our attention on certain sights, sounds, tastes, touches or smells in our environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which particular people or aspects of their communication attract our attention, something especially noticeable and significant to us |
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Term
Class Experiment on Perception:
Findings? |
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Definition
| The people who were told to write positive things about their week thought their week was positive, while people who were told to write negative things about their week thought their week was mostly negative |
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Term
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Definition
| assigning meaning to the info we’ve selected |
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Term
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Definition
| mental structures that help us understand a concept’s characteristics, and we use them to interpret communication (schemes or plans in our brain that help us understand life, ie. producing a stereotype about something/someone) |
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Term
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Definition
| presumes that a person’s communication stems from internal causes, such as character or personality |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by factors unrelated to person's qualities |
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Term
| Uncertainty Reduction Theory |
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Definition
| Our primary compulsion during initial interactions is reducing uncertainty about our conversational partners, by gathering enough information about them that their communication is rendered predictable and explainable |
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Term
| Uncertainty Reduction Strategies (name) |
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Definition
| Passive, Active, Interactive |
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Term
Passive Strategy
(uncertainty reduction) |
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Definition
| gathering information about others by watching them without their knowledge |
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Term
Active Strategy
(uncertainty reduction) |
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Definition
| don’t involve directly interacting with the person we’re sizing up (potential face threat?) |
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Term
Interactive Strategy
(uncertainty reduction) |
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Definition
| involves direct interaction between you and the person you’re interested in |
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Term
| Implicit Personality Theory |
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Definition
| Making assumptions about people's personalities based off one or a couple general observations |
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Term
| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Definition
| the tendency to attribute others behaviors to internal causes (the kind of person they are) rather than the social or environmental forces affecting them |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of people to make external attributions regarding their own behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| in the event that our own actions result in noteworthy success we tend to take credit for these successes by making an internal attribution |
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Term
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Definition
| a general and global impression of a person that’s either positive or negative; the way we observe people's actions as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| when gestalts are formed, they are more likely to be positive than negative |
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Term
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Definition
| a tendency to positively interpret nearly anything someone says or does because we have a positive gestalt of him or her |
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Term
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Definition
| negatively interpret the communication and behavior of people for whom we have negative Gestalts |
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Term
THE BIG FIVE
[personalities] |
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Definition
| extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness |
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Term
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Definition
~feel into other’s thoughts and emotions, making an attempt to identify with them
• Perspective taking – the ability to see things from someone else vantage point without necessarily experiencing that person’s emotions
• Empathetic Concern – become aware of how the other is feeling and potentially feel similar emotions and feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| sadness, anger, joy, confusion, contempt, fear, surprise, disgust |
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Term
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Definition
| low intensity states that are not caused by particular events and typically last longer than feelings of emotions (strong influence on our perception) |
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Term
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Definition
| short term emotional reactions to events that generate only limited arousal (typically do not trigger attempts to manage their experience or expression |
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Term
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Definition
| a tense reaction to an event that involves interpreting, labeling, managing and communicating |
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Term
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Definition
Form of Emotional Reappraisal
• Less potential for well-being
• Lower evaluations of positive relationships |
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Term
Encounter Avoidance
(preventive strategy) |
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Definition
| avoiding environments (ie. people, places, activities) that might stimulate emotions that you don’t want to experience |
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Term
Encounter Structuring
(preventive strategy) |
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Definition
| avoiding conversational topics that might provoke unwanted emotions |
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Term
Attention Focus
(preventive strategy) |
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Definition
| focusing on specifics in order to deviate your attention away from that which could generate unwanted emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic desensitization |
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Term
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Definition
actively changing how you think about the meaning of emotion-eliciting situations so that their emotional impact is changed
• Emotionally engaged and responsive |
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Term
Passion
(what kind of emotion; define) |
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Definition
| Blended emotion: surprise, joy, amazement, sexual intensity [Romance increases, surprise decreases] |
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Term
Anger
(what kind of emotion; define) |
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Definition
• Most destructive emotion
• Negative primary emotion that occurs when you are blocked or interupted from attaining an important goal by what you see as the improper action of an external agent |
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Term
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Definition
| Counting to 100 when you're angry |
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Term
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Definition
| term invented by Sigmund Freud; a release of pent-up negative emotions |
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Term
Grief
(Ways to manage; define) |
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Definition
• Intense sadness that follows a substantial loss
• No prescription for it
• Emotion Sharing - support groups, online communication (ie. SIDS)
• Supportive communication– sharing messages that express emotional support |
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Term
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Definition
| our ability to think is “at the mercy” of language |
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Term
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Definition
~"we see the world through the lens of our language"
~we see and hear experience largely as we do because the language of our community predisposes certain choices of interpretation |
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Term
| Communication Accommodation Theory |
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Definition
~People are especially motivated to adapt their language when they seek social approval
~Alternatively, people tend to accentuate their differences when they want to distance and disassociate themselves from others |
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Term
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Definition
| phrases that place the blame and focus of attention on other people. Induce defensiveness and defensive behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes ownership of your feelings, opinions and beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasis on a shared goal or feeling |
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Term
| Misrepresentation (of language) |
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Definition
| ineffective presentation of language |
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Term
| Misunderstanding (of language) |
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Definition
| misperception of another’s thoughts, feelings, or beliefs |
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Term
| Five Fundamental Characteristics of Language |
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Definition
| Symbolic, Governed by Rules, Flexible, Cultural, Evolves |
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Term
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Definition
| Implied, suggested, hinted |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the deliberate of uninformative untruthful, or irrelevant (seen in machine-assisted interpersonal communication) |
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Term
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Definition
| tend to presume that listeners share extensive knowledge in common with then (ie. China, Korea, Japan) |
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Term
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Definition
| tend not to presume that listeners share their beliefs, attitudes, and values |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| govern how we use language when we verbally communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| the different means used for transmitting information nonverbally |
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Term
Nonverbal Codes
(name all eight) |
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Definition
| Kinesics, vocalics, haptics, proxemics, chronemics, physical appearance, artifacts, environment |
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Term
Proxemics
(name the four physical distances) |
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Definition
| Intimate, personal, social, public |
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Term
Chronemics
(name the two different types of time) |
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Definition
Monochronemic - individualism
Polychronemic - collectivism |
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Term
| Four consistent patterns of similarities and differences in nonverbal comm. between gender |
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Definition
1.) women are better than men at both sending and receiving nonverbal messages
2.) women show greater facial expressiveness than men and they smile more
3.) women gaze more at others during interpersonal interactions
4.) men are more territorial than women |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more primary emotions happening simultaneously |
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Term
| Four Various Forms of Communication |
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Definition
| Linear, Interactive, Interpersonal, Transactional |
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Term
Four Subfields of Communication
(name) |
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Definition
| Speech and Rhetorical Speech, Communication Studies, Mass Communication, Telecommunication |
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Term
Speech and Rhetorical Speech
(define [subfield of communication]) |
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Definition
| How people use words to compel audiences to change their beliefs |
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Term
Communication Studies
(subfield of communication) |
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Definition
| Interpersonal Communication and Organizational communication; communicating in ways that change beliefs and values |
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Term
Mass Communication
(subfield of communication) |
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Definition
| Study of history and the current state of media industries; critically analyze the messages transmitted by media institutions |
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Term
Telecommunication
(subfield of communication) |
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Definition
| examines how messages communicate to people (ie. Twitter and how people use it) |
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Term
| How is research conducted? |
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Definition
| Developing questions and systematically trying to answer them either through careful observation (qualitative) or creating some type of controlled test (quantitative) |
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