Term
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Definition
1. Steppes
2. Siberia
3. Caucasus
4. Ukraine
5. Bessarabia
6. Poland
7. The Baltic
8. Finland
9. Central Asia
10. The Pale of Settlement |
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Term
| Attributes of the Empire (7) |
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Definition
1. An overland empire
2. Economic and fiscal policy to maintain autocracy and army
3. Church lost power as empire grew
4. Integration of local elites into imperial administration
5. Russian language and culture did not seek to supplant local languages and practices
6. Vulnerability to invasion, especially in European Russia
7. Russian national character subsumed into the notion of empire |
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Term
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Definition
862-879 AD
-Varangian prince to rule over warring chieftains of Russian Plain
-Capital= Novgorod |
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Term
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Definition
879-912 AD
-Successor to Rurik
-Moved capital to Kiev |
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Term
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Definition
945-963 AD
-1st Christian
-Wife of murdered Prince Igor, ruled as regent for Prince Svyatoslav |
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Term
| Rulers: Prince Svyatoslav |
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Definition
945-972 AD
-Military campaigns against Khazars |
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Term
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Definition
980-1015
-988, converted to Christianity, brought Christianity to Kievan Russia |
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Term
| Rulers: Prince Yaroslav the Wise |
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Definition
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Term
| Rulers: Vladimir Monomakh |
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Definition
1113-1125
-Wore Cap of Monomakh
-Relationship with Byzantium |
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Term
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Definition
1206- Mongol Empire begins
1223-1237- March West out of the Caucasus
1237-1240- Mongol conquest, collapse of Kiev |
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Term
| Reasons for collapse of Kiev (3) |
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Definition
1. Shifting trade routes because of the crusades
2. Growing regionalism
3. Dynastic feuds between heirs of Yaroslav following Vladimir's death |
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Term
| Legacy of the Kievan State (4) |
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Definition
1. Uniform language and culture
2. Uniform religion led by the patriarch
3. Model for a stable political system led by resident Prince
4. Concept of a united Russian state engrained in collective consciousness |
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Term
| The Appanage (mongol) System- Internal Weaknesses (3) |
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Definition
1. Great estates were atomized
2. Private law began to trump public law
3. Social instability led by a rise in linguistic and ethnic division into Great Russians, Ukrainians, and Belorussians/White Russians |
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Term
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Definition
1. Poles and Mongols threatened remaining city-states
2. Loss of international status after the fall of Kiev
3. Cultural stagnation due to isolation
4. Swedes, Germans, Livonians, Norwegians, Lithuanians threatened republic of Novgorod, inspired by the Pope
-Battle of the Neva, defeat of Swedes (1240)
-Prince Nevsky- hero of Battle of Lake Peipus vs. Livonian Knights (1242) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1156, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky |
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Term
| Transfer of Metropolitanate |
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Definition
| 1325, moved from Kiev to Moscow |
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Term
| Duties of Muscovy Princes (4) |
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Definition
1. Perform obeisance to the Khan before taking office
2. Submit to the administration of the Deruga (governor)
3. Collect tribute
4. Send troops and weapons to the Khan |
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Term
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Definition
1325-1340
"Kalita"- moneybags
-Major tribute collector
-Expanded lands |
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Term
| Rulers: Dmitri Donskoi (of the Don) |
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Definition
1359-1389
-1st Prince to oppose the Tatar Yoke
-Won Battle of Kulikovo (1380), but lost war
-Established law of primogeniture |
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Term
| Rulers: Ivan III, The Great |
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Definition
1462-1505
-Took the title of Tzar (autokrator- the living law), renounced allegiance to the Golden Horde (1480)
-Gathering of the Russian Lands
-Built Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, dominates Kremlin |
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Term
| Gathering of the Russian Lands- methods (5) |
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Definition
1. Purchase
2. Conquest
3. Diplomatic annexation
4. Inheritance
5. Forced Settlement |
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Term
| Reasons for Muscovy Triumph (4) |
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Definition
1. Geographic distribution
2. Importance as a trade artery
3. Muscovite boyars has access to territories beyond their estates (reward)
4. Rulers of House of Rurik observed primogeniture |
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Term
| Dates of Appanage/Udel/Mongol Period |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Negative Impact of Appanage Period (5) |
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Definition
1. Interrupted growth of Muscovite state
2. Cut Russian culture off from Byzantium and Western Europe
3. Deprived Russian Princes of fertile land in the South
4. Doomed the fragile remnants of Kievan culture
5. Practice of sequestration of women most likely borrowed from Mongols (continued until Peter the Great) |
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Term
| Positive Impact of the Appanage Period (2) |
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Definition
1. Muscovites adopted military/cavalry techniques and formations
2. Muscovites developed an administrative and financial vocabulary derived from Mongol language |
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Term
| Reasons for the Superiority of Moscow (3) |
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Definition
1. Intersection of 3 great trade roads
2. Headwaters of 4 great rivers (Don, Dneiper, Oka, Volga)
3. On a plain (no barriers to expansion), but not on an edge (no threat of invasion) |
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Term
| Rulers: Ivan IV, The Terrible |
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Definition
1533-1584
-Regency under mother Helen (killed), treated poorly by Boyars
-First Rurikid ruler to be crowned Tsar (1547, at age 16)
-Typical Russian tyrant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ivan IV: First Wave of Reforms (6) |
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Definition
1. Convenes a Zemski Sobor or "chosen council" of his most trusted advisors (1549)
2. New law code (1550)
3. Reform of local governments
4. Pledges to receive petitions of complaint from Muscovites
5. Institutes Sudebnik- allows locally elected officials to manage affairs
6. Convenes Council of 100 Chapters, but ultimately fails to retain the church (divided between Josephians and reformers), Bishop of Novgorod |
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Term
| Ivan IV: Military Reforms (3) |
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Definition
1556
1. Requires Boyars and landlords to procure horses and soldiers
2. Introduces artillery
3. Forms the Streltsy- elite guard that lives in Kremlin |
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Term
| Ivan IV: Acquired Territories (3) |
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Definition
1. Khanate of Kazan (1551)- Cathedral of St. Basil (1561)
2. Khanate of Astrakhan (1556)
3. Polotsk (1563) |
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Term
| Dates of the Second Period or Terror |
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Definition
| 1564-1572 (offense punishable by death to mention the period) |
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Term
| Ivan IV: Causes of the Terror (4) |
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Definition
1. Ivan fell ill and Boyars refused to swear fealty to infant heir Dmitry (1553)
2. Tsaritsa Anastasia died under mysterious circumstances (1560)
3. Break with the Chosen Council
4. Psychopathic distrust of Boyars |
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Term
| Ivan IV: Divisions of Realm (2) |
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Definition
1. The Oprichnina- areas where Tsar had absolute power, population called Oprichniki
2. The Zemschina- everywhere else |
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Term
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Definition
| Force of 6,000 commanded by Dirty and Shorty that terrorized the population during Ivan IV's reign of terror |
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Term
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Definition
-murders son and heir Ivan Ivanovich (1581)
-dies, leaves throne to feeble-minded son Feodor I (1584) |
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