Term
| Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) |
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Definition
| A title which encompasses the nurse practitioners (NPs), clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), certified nurse midwives (CNMs) and certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs). |
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Term
| Collaborative Practice Model |
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Definition
| Involves nurses, physicians, and ancillary health personnel functioning within a decentralized organizational structure and collaboratively making clinical decisions. |
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Term
| Community-Oriented Nursing Practice |
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Definition
| Nursing intervention that promotes wellness, reduces the spread of illness, and improves the health status of groups of citizens or the community at large with emphasis on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. |
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Term
| Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) |
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Definition
| The ongoing examination of processes used to provide care, with the aim of improving quality by assessing and improving those processes that might improve patient care outcomes and patient satisfaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Description of a person's health status as a range with anchors that include poor health or imminent death on one end of the continuum to high-level wellness on the other end. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nursing care of individuals and families that is designed to (1) promote and maintain health and (2) prevent disease. It is provided as patients transition through the health care system to health-related services outside of the hospital setting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Health care delivery focused on health promotion and prevention of illness or disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Health care delivery centered on health maintenance and aimed at early detection of disease, with prompt intervention to prevent or minimize loss of function and independence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Health care delivery focused on minimizing deterioration associated with disease and improving quality of life through rehabilitation measures. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of faithfully following guidelines or directions. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interacting population of individuals living together within a larger society. |
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Term
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Definition
| The return of information about the results of input given to a person or a system. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variety of learning experiences designed to promote behaviors that facilitate health. |
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Term
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Definition
| The art and science of assisting people to change their lifestyle toward a higher state of wellness. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of gaining knowledge and skill. |
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Term
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Definition
| The optimum time for learning to occur; usually corresponds to the learner's perceived need and desire to obtain specific knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science that deals with food and nourishment in humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition of being physically healthy as a result of proper exercise and nutrition. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of strengthening a given response or behavior to increase the likelihood that the behavior will continue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Personal accountability for one's actions or behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behaviors and techniques used to strengthen a person's resources against stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| The imparting of knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| A routine that promotes health and healing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition of good physical and emotional health sustained by a healthy lifestyle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medical or health problems with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long-term management (3 months or longer) |
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Term
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Definition
| Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a normal manner; the consequences of impairment in terms of an individual's functional performance and activity. Disabilities represent disturbances at the level of the person (eg, bathing, dressing, communication, walking, grooming) |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss or abnormality of psychological, physiologic, or anatomic structure or function at the organ level (eg, dysphagia, hemiparesis); an abnormality of body structure, appearance, and organ or system function resulting from any cause. |
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Term
| Secondary Conditions or Disorders |
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Definition
| Any physical, mental, or social disorders resulting directly or indirectly from an initial disabling condition; a condition to which a person with a disability is more susceptible because of having a primary disabling condition. |
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Term
| Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) |
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Definition
| Self-care activities including bathing, grooming, dressing, eating, toileting, and bowel and bladder care. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of assistive technology that is used to change the environment or help the person to modify the environment (eg, a ramp that can be used in place of steps for someone in a wheelchair) |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of assistive technology that helps people with disabilities perform a given task (eg, a lap board with pictures that is used to assist a person who cannot talk to communicate) |
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Term
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Definition
| any item, piece of equipment, or product system - whether acquired commercially, off the shelf, modified, or customized - that is used to improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities; this term encompasses both assistive devices and adaptive devices. |
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Term
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Definition
| Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a normal manner, the consequences of impairment in terms of an individual's functional performance and activity; disabilities represent disturbances at the level of the person (eg, bathing, dressing, communication, walking, grooming) |
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Term
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Definition
| Making able; learning new skills and abilities to meet maximum potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss or abnormality of psychological, physiologic, or anatomic structure or function at the organ level (eg, dysphagia, hemiparesis); an abnormality of body structure, appearance, an organ, or system function resulting from any cause. |
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Term
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) |
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Definition
| Complex aspects of independence including meal preparation, grocery shopping, household management, finances, and transportation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of the skin due to prolonged pressure and insufficient blood supply, usually at bony prominences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Making able again; relearning skills or abilities or adjusting existing functions. |
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Term
| Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) |
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Definition
| Basic personal care activities; bathing, dressing, grooming, eating, toileting, and transferring. |
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Term
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Definition
| A formal, legally endorsed document that provides instructions for care ("living will"). |
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Term
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Definition
| A bias that discriminates, stigmatizes, and disadvantages older people based solely on their chronologic age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having more than one illness at the same time (eg, diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure) |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute, confused state that begins with disorientation that if not immediately evaluated and treated, can progress to changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death. |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad term for a syndrome characterized by a general decline in higher brain functioning, such as reasoning, with a pattern of eventual decline in ability to perform even basic activities of daily living, such as toileting and eating. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common affective (mood) disorder of old age; results from changes in reuptake of the neurochemical serotonin in response to chronic illness and emotional stresses related to the physical and social changes associated with the aging process. |
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Term
| Durable Power of Attorney |
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Definition
| A formal, legally endorsed document that identifies a proxy decision maker who can make decisions if the signer becomes incapacitated. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical, emotional, or financial harm to an elderly person by one or more of the individual's children, caregivers, or others; includes neglect. |
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Term
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) |
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Definition
| Activities that are essential for independent living, such as shopping, cooking, housework, using the telephone, managing medications and finances, and being able to travel by car or public transportation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's ability to recognize who and where he or she is in a time continuum; used to evaluate one's basic cognitive status. |
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Term
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Definition
| The administration of multiple medications at the same time; common in older persons with several chronic illnesses. |
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Term
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Definition
| The decreased ability to hear high-pitched tones that naturally begins in midlife as a result of irreversible inner ear changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The decrease in visual accommodation that occurs with advancing age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased confusion at night. |
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Term
| What issues impact the care delivered by community health nurses? |
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Definition
| Economic, political, and social issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters. |
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Term
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Definition
| By characteristics and health needs. |
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Term
| What are health indicators? |
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Definition
| Mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity, obesity, tobacco use, and substance abuse. |
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Term
| What are health indicators used for? |
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Definition
| Describing the health status of a community and serve as targets for the improvement of a community's health. |
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Term
| In population-focused nursing why are assessments and interventions made? |
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Definition
| To define "at risk populations (ex. individuals with hypertension, poor nutrition, weight problems.) |
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Term
| What is the focus of care for community-oriented nursing? |
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Definition
- health of the community as a "whole"
- Client: community |
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Term
| What are the nursing activities associated with community-oriented nursing? |
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Definition
| Health care: Surveillance and evaluation of the community's collective health, and the implementation of strategies to promote health and prevent disease. |
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Term
| What is the focus of care for community-based nursing? |
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Definition
- Health of individuals, families, and groups within a community.
- Client: individual, family, or group of individuals |
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Term
| What are the nursing activities associated with community-based nursing? |
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Definition
| Illness care: Provision of direct primary care in the settings where individuals and families live, work, and "attend" (schools, camps, parishes) |
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Term
| What are the principles guiding community health nursing practice? |
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Definition
| Ethical Considerations, Advocacy, Epidemiology, Epidemiological Calculations, Epidemiological Triangle, The Epidemiological Process, Community-Based Health Education |
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Term
| What are ethical considerations for the practice of public health? |
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Definition
| Preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency, trustworthiness, and advocacy. |
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Term
| What is the definition of Respect for Autonomy? |
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Definition
| Individuals select those actions that fulfill their goals. |
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Term
| What is a community health nursing situation for respect for autonomy? |
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Definition
| Client's right to self-determination (making a decision not to pursue chemotherapy) |
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Term
| What is the definition of nonmaleficence? |
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Definition
| No harm is done when applying standards of care. |
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Term
| What is a community health nursing situation for nonmaleficence? |
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Definition
| Developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring and evaluating outcomes. |
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Term
| What is the definition of beneficence? |
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Definition
| Maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms. |
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Term
| What is a community health nursing situation for beneficence? |
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Definition
| Assessment of risk and benefits. |
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Term
| What is the definition of distributive justice? |
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Definition
| Fair distribution of the benefits and burden in society is based on the needs and contributions of its members. |
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Term
| What is a community health nursing situation for distributive justice? |
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Definition
| Determining who will be eligible for health care services based on income and fiscal resources. |
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Term
| What are the roles of a nurse? |
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Definition
- Informer
- Supporter
- Mediator |
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Term
| What is basic to client advocacy? |
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Definition
- Clients have the right to make decisions affecting their own health and welfare.
Clients have the right to expect a nurse-client relationship that is based on trust, collaboration, and shared respect, related to health, and considerate of their thoughts.
- Clients are responsible for their own health.
- It is the nurses's responsibility to ensure access to services that meet the client's health care needs.
- In order to be an advocate for the client, the nurse must be assertive, recognize that the values of the client and family must be a priority even when they conflict with health care providers, and intervene politically if necessary. |
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Term
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Definition
| The investigative study of disease trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention and health maintenance. |
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Term
| What does epidemiology rely on? |
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Definition
| Statistical evidence to determine the rate of spread of disease and the proportion of people affected. |
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Term
| How is epidemiology useful for community-based nursing? |
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Definition
| By providing a broad understanding of the spread and transmission of disease. |
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Term
| How does using the scientific problem-solving method help nurses? |
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Definition
| It makes pinpointing health needs in the community and developing appropriate approaches possible. |
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Term
| What does the study of epidemiology involve? |
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Definition
| Studying the relationships among an agent, a host, and an environment (referred to as the epidemiological triangle). |
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Term
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Definition
| The animate or inanimate object that causes the disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| The living being that will be affected by the agent. |
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Term
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Definition
| The setting or surrounding that sustains the host. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Number of cases in the population at a specific time) / (population total) x 1000 = _______ per 1000 |
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Term
| Prevalence (existing disease in a population at a particular time) |
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Definition
| (Number of cases in the population at a specific time) / (population total) x 1000 = _______ per 1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| (Number of deaths) / (population total) x 1000 = _______ per 1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| (Number of people at risk who develop a certain disease) / (total # of people at risk) |
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Term
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Definition
| (Number of infant deaths before 1 year of age in a year) / (Number of live births in the same year) x 1000 = _____ per 1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| When the rate of disease exceeds the usual level of the condition. |
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Term
| What are examples of obstacles to learning? |
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Definition
| Age, cultural barriers, poor reading and comprehension skills, language barriers, barriers to access, and lack of motivation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus is on changing behavior through the use of reinforcement methods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus is on changing thought patterns through the use of methods that offer a variety of sensory input and repetition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus is on increasing depth of knowledge through the use of methods such as discussion and inquiry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus is on the human developmental stage and methods that are age-specific and age-appropriate with importance given to "readiness to learn." |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus is on feelings and relationships, and methods are based on the principle that learners will do what is in their best interests. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus is on changing the learners' expectations and beliefs through the use of methods that link information to beliefs and values. |
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Term
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Definition
Learn through "seeing" and methods such as note taking, video viewing, and presentations.
These learners "think in pictures" |
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Term
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Definition
Learn through "listening" and methods such as verbal lectures, discussion and reading aloud.
These learners "interpret meaning while listening." |
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Term
| Tactile-kinesthetic Learners |
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Definition
Learn through "doing" and methods such as trial and error, hands-on approaches, and return demonstration.
These learners gain "meaning through exploration." |
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Term
| What are the three levels of prevention? |
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Definition
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevention of the initial occurrence of disease injury |
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Term
| Secondary Prevention Focus |
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Definition
| Early detection of disease and treatments with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects. |
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Term
| Tertiary Prevention Focus |
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Definition
| Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehabilitation) |
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Term
| What are examples of community health nurse preventions for primary prevention? |
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Definition
- Nutrition Counseling
- Family planning and sex education
- Prenatal Classes
- Providing Immunizations
- Safety Education |
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Term
| What are examples of community health nurse preventions for secondary prevention? |
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Definition
- Screenings (breast, cervical, testicular)
- Treatment of STD's
- Treatment of tuberculosis |
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Term
| What are examples of community health nurse preventions for tertiary prevention? |
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Definition
- Nutrition counseling
- Exercise rehabilitation
- Support groups |
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Term
| What factors influence community health? |
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Definition
| Family and cultural values, social and environmental influences, and economic concerns. |
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Term
| What are examples of vulnerable populations? |
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Definition
| Children, older adults, clients who are physically/mentally disabled, unemployed, or homeless. |
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Term
| What does a community assessment include? |
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Definition
| Evaluating the adequacy of health services within the community and the accessibility of those services by those needing access. |
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Term
| What are some examples of barriers to health care? |
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Definition
| Inadequate health care insurance, language barriers, cultural barriers, geographic isolation, social isolation, inconvenient hours, lack of personal or public transportation to health care facilities. |
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Term
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Definition
- Provides hospital and medical insurance to individuals who are 65 years and older, permanently disabled, and/or have end-stage renal failure.
- Consists of Part A, B, C, and D. |
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Term
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Definition
Provides financial assistance to states and counties to pay for health care services for older adults with low socioeconomic status, clients with disabilities, and families with dependent children.
Provides in/outpatient hospital care, lab and radiology services, physician services, skilled nursing care at home or in a nursing home for persons older than 21 years, and early periodic screenings, diagnosis, and treatment for those younger than 21 years. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hospital care, home care, limited skilled nursing care |
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Term
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Definition
| Medical care, diagnostic services, physiotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as the Medicare Advantage plan - is a combination of Part A and Part B and is provided through a private insurance company |
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Term
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Definition
| Prescription drug coverage |
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Term
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Definition
| Comprehensive approach that identifies the community as a client. |
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Term
| What are the foundations for population-specific program planning? |
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Definition
| Community assessment and diagnosis. |
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Term
| The community health nurse is a key player in assessing the needs of the community. This role includes: |
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Definition
- Interacting with community partners serving the community at large.
- Witnessing the interaction b/w community programs & the response of the client to the services.
- Identifying future services based upon the visible needs of population groups. |
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Term
| What are the components of a community assessment? |
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Definition
- People
- Place or environment
- Social systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Descriptive approach that assesses several community components by driving through a community. |
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Term
| What are the strengths of a windshield survey? |
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Definition
| Provides a descriptive overview of a community. |
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Term
| What are the limitations of a windshield survey? |
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Definition
- need for a driver so the nurse can visualize and document the community elements.
- may be time consuming
- results based only on visualization and does not include input from community members |
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Term
| What are the components of a windshield survey? |
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Definition
- People
- Place
- Location of health services
- Natural environment
- Human-made environment
- Housing
- Social Systems |
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Term
| Format for writing a community nursing diagnosis |
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Definition
| Risk of (specific problem or risk in the community) among (the specific population that is affected by the problem or risk)related to (strengths and weaknesses in the community that influence the problem or risk) |
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Term
| What factors should be considered when setting priorities among identified community problems? |
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Definition
- Community awareness of the problem
- Community readiness to acknowledge and address the problem
- Available expertise/fiscal resources
- Severity of the problem
- Amount of time needed for problem resolution |
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Term
| What are helpful strategies when implementing community health programs? |
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Definition
- thorough assessment
- accurate interpretation of data
- collaboration with community partners
- effective communication patterns
- sufficient resources
- logical planning
- skilled leadership |
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Term
| What are barriers to implementing community health programs? |
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Definition
- inadequate assessment
- inadequate or misconstrued data
- no involvement with community partners
- impaired communication
- inadequate resources
- lack of planning
- poor leadership |
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Term
| Community health nurses practice as: |
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Definition
- Home health nurses
- Hospice nurses
- Occupational health nurses
- Parish nurses
- School Nurses
- Case Managers |
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Term
| The aggregates that receive services from community health nurses |
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Definition
- individuals from infancy to death
- families
- groups within the community |
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Term
| Where does a home health nurse provide care? |
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Definition
- traditional homes
- assisted living facilities
- nursing homes |
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Term
| What do home health nurses need to pay attention to when evaluating a living environment for safety? |
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Definition
| Non secure rugs, electrical outlets, and extension cords, the use of oxygen, safety devices in the bathroom, and other potential environmental hazards. |
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Term
| What are older adults at greatest risk for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is hospice(palliative) care provided? |
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Definition
| home, hospice centers, hospitals and long-term care settings |
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Term
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Definition
| Comprehensive care delivery system for the terminally ill that is usually implemented when the client is not expected to live longer than 6 months. Further medical care aimed towards cure is stopped and the focus becomes relief of pain and suffering, and enhancing quality of life. |
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Term
| What are examples of what special/vulnerable populations are victims of? |
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Definition
| violence, substance abuse, mental health, homelessness, rural and migrant health, poverty, poor self esteem, young or advanced age, chronic stress, emotional instability, environmental factors |
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Term
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Definition
| State of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
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Term
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Definition
- Conscious and deliberate
- Being involved in self-care activities |
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Term
| What are the four components of wellness |
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Definition
1. Capacity to perform to ability
2. Ability to adjust and adapt
3. Feeling of well-being
4. Feeling of harmony |
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Term
| Components of Health Belief Model |
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Definition
- Demographic/disease factors
- Barriers
- Resources
- Perception |
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Term
| Parts of the Transtheoretical Model of Change |
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Definition
- Precontemplative
- Contemplative
- Decision Making
- Action
- Maintenance
- Termination |
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Term
| 4 Components of Health Promotion |
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Definition
- Self Responsibility
- Nutritional Awareness
- Stress Reduction/Management
- Physical Fitness |
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Term
| What are the central goals of healthy people 2020? |
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Definition
| Access to health services, clinical preventive services, environmental quality, injury and violence, maternal, infant and child health, mental health, nutrition, physical activity, and obesity, oral health, reproductive and sexual health, social determinants, substance abuse, and tobacco |
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Term
|
Definition
- Determine Problem
- Formulate Theory
- Gather Info
- Make plan
- Put into Action
- Evaluate
- Follow Up |
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Term
|
Definition
| based on location/specific region |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| demographics, who makes up the community |
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Term
|
Definition
| Biological Factors, risk factors, social status |
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Term
|
Definition
| interactions in community, how are problems solved. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The first community health nurse |
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Term
|
Definition
| Established a training school for nurses. |
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Term
| What factors have increased the need for community health care? |
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Definition
- Changes in federal legislation
- Tighter Insurance regulations
- Decreasing health revenues
- Alternative health care delivery systems |
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Term
| What are the types of community nursing? |
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Definition
- public health nursing
- community based nursing |
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Term
| What are the primary concepts of community based care? |
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Definition
- Continuity of care
- Collaboration
- Promotion of Self-care
- Preventive Care |
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Term
| Which level of preventive care is the least expensive/invasive? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are important things to keep in mind when conducting a community assessment? |
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Definition
| Physical environment, education, safety and transportation, health and social services, communication, economics, recreation |
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Term
| What is done during the planning phase? |
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Definition
| establish goals/objectives, establish teams, establish a timeline, develop interventions, assess for supplies/personnel, plan for evaluation |
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Term
| How is community nursing different from hospital based nursing? |
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Definition
Care for individuals, families, and groups outside hospital setting
Nurse is a guest coming into patient home or community setting
Nurse may provide direct care or resources or advocacy to larger group in community setting. |
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Term
| What is a home health nurse? |
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Definition
| Educator, advocate, care coordinator, and caregiver. |
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Term
| What are community resources and how can you find them? |
|
Definition
- groceries, pharmacies, senior citizen programs, physician, dentist, transportation
- Directories, telephone book, internet |
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Term
| When does discharge planning begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of teaching techniques? |
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Definition
| Lectures, group discussion, demonstration/practice |
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Term
| What are the ten leading causes of death? |
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Definition
| heart disease, cancer, stroke, accident, respiratory, diabetes, alzheimer's, kidney disease, septicemia, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell |
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Term
| What has lead to increase chronic illness and disability? |
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Definition
| Decrease in mortality from infectious diseases, lifestyle factors, longer life spans, and improved screening, diagnostic procedures |
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Term
| What are they eight stages of the trajectory model? |
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Definition
| Pre-Trajectory, Trajectory Onset, Stable, Unstable, Acute, Crisis, Comeback, Downward, Dying |
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Term
| What are the leading causes of death in older adults? |
|
Definition
heart disease, malignant, neoplasms, cerebrovacular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, pneumonia, influenza, kidney disease/failure, accidents, septicemia |
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|
Term
| What are the cardiovascular changes in older adults? |
|
Definition
| Enlarged heart, hardening of valves, decrease pacemaker cells, thickening valves, heart muscle losing elasticity, decreased stroke volume, Ca+ and fat deposits accumulate in veins and arteries, diminished response to stress, decreased heart rate, slower recovery rate, slight increase in BP |
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Term
| What are the respiratory changes in elderly? |
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Definition
| Decreased resp. efficiency, increase in residual lung vol., Decrease in muscle strength, endurance, vital capacity, decreased gas exchange, diffusing capacity, decreased cough efficiency, kyphosis leads to decrease in lungs expanding |
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Term
| How can a nurse help maintain respiratory function in elderly? |
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Definition
| encourage exercise, adequate fluid intake, pneumococcal and influenza immunizations, avoidance of people who are sick |
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Term
| What are the integumentary changes in the elderly? |
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Definition
| Decreased subq fat, interstitial fluid, muscle tone, glandular activity, nerve response, diminished secretions, capillary fragility, reduced capillaries in skin, baldness, reduced elasticity, thin skin |
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Term
| What strategies promote healthy skin? |
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Definition
| no smoking, avoiding sun exposure, wear sunscreen 15spf, use lotions, avoid hot soaks in tub, maintain optimal hydration and nutrition, daily baths/showers are not necessary. |
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Term
| What changes in the reproductive system in elderly females? |
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Definition
| vaginal narrowing, decreased elasticity, decreased vaginal secretions, production of estrogen and progesterone stop, relaxed muscle tone of vagina and perineum |
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Term
| What are the changes in the reproductive system for elderly males? |
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Definition
| Less firm testes, decreased sperm production, decreased libido, and erectile dysfunction may develop |
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Term
| What are the changes in the genitourinary system in elderly males? |
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Definition
| benign prostatic hyperplasia |
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Term
| What are the changes in the genitourinary system in elderly females? |
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Definition
| relaxed perineal muscles, detrusor instability(urge incontinence), urethral dysfunction (stress incontinence) |
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Term
| What are the changes in the genitourinary system for the elderly (male and female)? |
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Definition
| decrease in kidney mass and function, decreased filtration rate, diminished tubular function, less efficiency with reabsorbing and concentrating urine, slower restoration of acid-base balance |
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Term
| What are the changes in the gastrointestinal system in the elderly? |
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Definition
| Decreased sense of thirst, smell and taste; decreased salivation; difficulty swallowing food; delayed esophageal, gastric emptying; reduced gastric motility; diminished absorption of Fe, Ca+, vitamin B12, VitaminD and tolerance of fat |
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Term
| What are the changes in sleep for the elderly? |
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Definition
| Decreased melatonin, elderly tend to wake up frequently, sleep apnea |
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Term
| What are the changes in the musculoskeletal system for the elderly? |
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Definition
| Loss of bone density, loss of muscle strength & size, degenerated joint cartilage, decreasing bone mass, joint disease, back pain, impaired mobility, poor balance |
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Term
| What are the changes in the nervous system for the elderly? |
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Definition
| reduced speed in nerve conduction, increased confusion with physcial illness, loss of environmental cues, reduced cerebral circulation, changes in gait and balance |
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Term
| What are the changes in vision for the elderly? |
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Definition
| decreased ability to focus on close objects (presbyopia), inability to tolerate glare, difficulty adjusting to changes of light intensity, decreased ability to distinguish colors |
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Term
| What are the changes in hearing for the elderly? |
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Definition
| decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds (presbycusis), tympanic membrane thinning, loss of resiliency |
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Term
| What are the changes in taste and smell for the elderly? |
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Definition
| decreased ability to taste and smell |
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Term
| Is intelligence and learning affected by aging in a majority of people? |
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Definition
| No, response time is slowed but they are still just as capable mentally. |
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Term
| How does aging alter drugs? |
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Definition
absorption- GI slows down
metabolism- liver function decreased
distribution- CV/circulation diminished
excretion- kidney function diminished |
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