Term
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Definition
| the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change it's temp by 1 C |
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Definition
| the dissolving AGENT in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance that is BEING DISSOLVED |
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Definition
| A stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid |
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Definition
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Definition
| the negative log of the H+ concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- |
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Term
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Definition
| studies CARBON based compounds (usually also hydrogen) |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds that have the same number of atoms of each element, but are in a different structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Isomers that are mirror images of one another |
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Term
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Definition
| -OH, also written -HO, creates alcohols |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| carbonyl group within carbon skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| carbonyl group on the end of carbon chain |
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Term
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Definition
| O=C-OH, makes carboxylic acids, or organic acids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| P bonded to 4 O's, one bonded to the C chain and two with negative charges, creates Organic phosphates |
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Term
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Definition
| CH3, creates methylated compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| adenosine triphosphate, a complicated organic phosphate involved in cell function |
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Term
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Definition
| a long molecule consisting of similar or identical building blocks connected by covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| the repeating units that serve as the building blocks of polymers |
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Term
| dehydration reaction/ dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
| the connection of monomers into a polymer through loss of a water molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of a polymer into a monomer by the addition of a water molecule |
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Term
| the 4 important biological macromolecules |
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Definition
| proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| some multiple of CH2O, simple-sugars, major nutrients for cellular work |
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Term
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Definition
| two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage |
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Term
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Definition
| covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| macromolecules with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages, used by animals to store energy over long periods of time |
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Term
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Definition
| a polymer of glucose monomers |
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Term
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Definition
| a polymer of glucose that is stored in 1 day periods by humans, and releases individual glucoses when needed through hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural polysaccharide used to create plant cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| biological macromolecules that are highly hydrophobic |
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Term
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Definition
| constructed from glycerol and fatty acids, also known as triacylglycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| contain a long carbon skeleton with a carboxyl group at one end, leading to a hydrocarbon chain |
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Term
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Definition
| as many hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon chain |
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Term
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Definition
| contains one or more double bonds, meaning each C cannot bond to as many H as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| contains a phosphate group, makes up cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| some hormones and cholesterol that are lipids characterized by carbon skeletons consisting of four fused rings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consists of one or more polypeptides coiled into a specific 3 dimensional structure |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules possessing both a carboxyl and amino group |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of a protein losing its shape, |
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Term
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Definition
| protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| N base, 5 C sugar, and a phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| a 6 membered ring connected to a 5 membered ring (A and G) |
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Term
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Definition
| visible light passes through specimen and then through the glass lense that refracts the light |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane-enclosed compartments within a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane-enclosed compartments within a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface |
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Term
| Scanning electron microscope (SEM) |
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Definition
| scans the surface of a sample, exciting electrons on the surface, which are then picked up by electric equipment. Has large depth of field |
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Term
| transmission electron microscope (TEM) |
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Definition
| profiles a thin section of a specimen, used to study internal ultrastructure of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| The jelly-like substance in the cell in which organelles, etc. are found |
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Term
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Definition
| The region in a prokaryotic cell in which the DNA is held |
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Term
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Definition
| at the boundary of every cell, funtions as selective barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| a netlike array of protein filaments that maintians the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope |
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Term
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Definition
| structures that carry genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex of proteins and DNA that makes up chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| the dark center of the nucleus, synthesize rRNA and synthesizes large and small ribosomal sub-units |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular components that carry out protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries out tasks including protein synthesis and transport, metabolism and movement of lipids, and detoxification of poisons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains no ribosomes, creates enzymes that function in hormones, detoxification, etc. depending on the cell function |
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Term
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Definition
| have ribosomes, produces various proteins on these ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that are attached to carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| vesicles in transit from one part of a cell to another |
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Term
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Definition
| center of manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous sac of hyrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of amoebas and other protists engulfing smaller organisms or food particles |
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Term
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Definition
| vacuoles that pump excess water out of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| carries out hydrolosis, holds reserves of compounds, does a lot of shit in plant cells |
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