Term
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Definition
| radical political opinions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Content of Belief + Style of Expression |
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Term
| 4 Characteristics of Extremists |
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Definition
ImbNC:
intolerant
moral absolutes
broad conclusions
new language
conspiratorial beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| believing in your morals and all others are wrong (Good/ Evil) |
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Term
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Definition
| all opposition is wrong, no debate |
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Term
| new language and conspiratorial beliefs |
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Definition
| may create new terms and beliefs used to label and demonize the enemy |
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Term
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Definition
politically, religiously, economically motivated violence usually against soft targets with an intention to affect a target audience.
TERRORISM IS NOT GUERRILLA WARFARE
criminal/illegitimate use of force. |
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Term
| why is it sometimes hard to identify terrorists incidents? |
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Definition
the actors could be freedom fighters, or terrorists.
There are many forms of terrorism
question:
does it have a motive?
who was it directed towards? (combatants/ non combatants)
there must be a criminal/illegitimate use of force
are they a known terrorist group? |
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Term
| what is the difference between terrorists and extremists? |
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Definition
| the terrorist act. actually committing the act. |
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Term
| what are the common features of definitions? |
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Definition
the use of illegal force
political motives
subnational actors
unconventional methods |
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Term
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Definition
| committed by governments against foreign or domestic enemies. |
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Term
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Definition
| dissident terrrorism is committed by non state actors against the government, ethnonationalist groups, religious groups and other enemies. |
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Term
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Definition
| world stage, targets of international interest, domestic or foreign |
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Term
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Definition
| for greater glory of faith. 1 true faith belief. other worldy source sanctions or commands violence. |
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Term
| why is it important we be able to define terrorism> |
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Definition
| the u.s. needs to be able to define what is a terrorist incidenta in order to make policy to combat it. |
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Term
| distinguish terrorism from guerilla warfare. |
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Definition
| terrorism is individual occurrencies against non-combatants in a non-militarristic setting. |
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Term
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Definition
| a numerically larger group of amred individuals who operate as a military unit, attack enemy military forces and seize and hold territory while also exercising some form of sovereignty or control over a defined geographical area and its population |
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Term
| "One person's terrorist is another person's freedom fighter" |
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Definition
| depending on the victim or actor, one may see the act as necessary for the greater good of teh cause, or as a henious act of violence. |
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Term
| "one man willing to throw away his life is enough to terrorize a thousand" |
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Definition
| the slfless act of lethal force in combination with timing, precision, and purpose is an invaluable weapon of war. |
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Term
| "extremism in defense of liberty is novice" |
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Definition
| represents the belief in absolute righteousness of a cause. clearly defines good/evil |
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Term
| "it became necessary to destroy the town to save it" |
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Definition
| said by an american soldier in vietnam. to burn the city would free it from a communist strong hold. |
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Term
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Definition
| applied against a target without limit of force or degree of destruction of the target |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| force is indiscriminately applied to military targets of an enemy combatant to destroy them |
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Term
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Definition
| indiscriminate force is applied against noncombatants without restraint by either a government or dissidents |
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Term
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Definition
| discriminating force is used against a combatant, either to defeat the enemy or to achieve a more limited political goal. |
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Term
| state repression/ restricted terrorism |
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Definition
| discriminating force is directed against noncombatants either as a matter of domestic policy or as the selective use. |
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Term
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Definition
| anyone carrying weapons enganged in arm conflict |
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Term
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Definition
| people with no military ties, aren't baring weapons |
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Term
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Definition
| unintended destruction and casualties |
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Term
| history of terrorism by era, including any specific terms: |
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Definition
roman age
french revolution
modern terrorism |
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Term
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Definition
| state terrorism to suppress threatening ideas |
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Term
|
Definition
| sovereignty without execution |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| killing of tyrants for the greater good |
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Term
roman age of terrorism
which form of terrorism was popular? |
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Definition
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Term
| which form of war is practiced |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| burning cities to ensure obedience |
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Term
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Definition
| carried daggers, hence the group's name |
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Term
| which group were the sicarii a part of |
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Definition
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Term
| which form of warfare did the zealots use? |
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Definition
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Term
| regime de la terreur: means what |
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Definition
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Term
| who formed the reign of terror? |
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Definition
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Term
| edmund burke killed people with what device? |
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Definition
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Term
| edmund burke performed which form of terrorism? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what year did the french revolution start? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| who were the radical jacobins? |
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Definition
| far left group, take over revolution |
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Term
| what did robes pierre do to assure a political win? |
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Definition
| killed all political opponents and those who could be opponenets |
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Term
| what were the revolutionary tribunals? |
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Definition
| court proceedings to condemn and execute these "enemies of the revolution" |
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Term
| what is an example of the revolutionary tribunal of today? |
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Definition
| the struggle meetings of revolutionary china |
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Term
modern terrorism era'
what defines new terrorism? |
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Definition
| destruction of society and eliminating large sections of the population |
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Term
| how is the environment characterized? |
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Definition
| a horizontal organizational arrangement |
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Term
| how is the command structure of new terrorism and what is it motivated by? |
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Definition
| no command structure, motivated by religious or nationalist precepts |
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Term
| What does the far left side of the spectrum represent? |
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Definition
| promotes class or ethno national rights |
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Term
| describe the far left philosophy, give an example of the group practicing this today |
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Definition
usually marxist or ethnonationalist
violence less, politics more
usually non-violent protests
usually engaged in the political process.
communists |
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Term
| specific ideologies of far left |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| motivated by ethnonational or religious superiority |
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Term
| what is terrorism used for in fringe right? |
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Definition
| a safeguard for purity or superiority of group |
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Term
| how do the people who practice fringe right see themselves? |
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Definition
| they see themselves as champions of an ideal order which is under attack by inferior groups |
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Term
| what are the people of the fringe right concerned with |
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Definition
| asserting their value system and destroying the existing order |
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Term
| what are they more likely than fringe left to do |
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Definition
| use indiscriminate force and take more casualties |
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Term
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Definition
| strong adherence to social order and traditional values |
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Term
| what are some of the traditional values of far right? |
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Definition
gender/race. very conservative. non violent
participates in political process
may protest |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme nationalistic champion surperiority of ethnic or nation |
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Term
| what is facism's ideology? |
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Definition
| rightest ideological counterpart to marxism and anarchism |
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Term
| how did facism come to form? |
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Definition
| grew out of reaction to widespread communist agitation in europe in early 1900s- bolshevik revolution |
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Term
| what does facism require? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| communism, monarchy, democracy, intellectual |
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Term
| what does facism advocate? |
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Definition
| extreme obedience to law, order, and the state. |
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Term
|
Definition
| military duty, christian church, motherhood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| who are some examples of facist rule? |
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Definition
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Term
the spanish falange model for facism
promoted? |
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Definition
| the vision of reoccupying latin america and the phillipines |
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Term
| spanish falange championed.. |
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Definition
| values of nationalism, the catholic churce |
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Term
| who was accepted as caudillo during the spanish falange and what does caudillo mean? |
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Definition
| franciso franco- leader of rebellion |
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Term
| what was the slogan franciso franco promoted during the falange? |
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Definition
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Term
| marxism- what was its ideology? |
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Definition
| radical socialism, leftist ideology |
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Term
| what does marxism champion? |
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Definition
| emerging industrial working class and argued the wealth produced by these workers should be more equitably distributed rather tahn concentrated by the wealth. |
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Term
| who was the founder of marxism? |
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Definition
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Term
| how did marx believe each era was defined? |
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Definition
| the working classs enequal relationship to the means of production |
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Term
|
Definition
| the working class would establish the dictatoriship of the proletariat in the communist society and build a just and eqalitarian social order |
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Term
| what does the manifesto of the communist party explain? |
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Definition
| the revolutionary environment of the industrial era and how this era was an immediate precursor to the communist era |
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Term
| what was the industrial age class pyramid? name of the order of classes from top to bottom |
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Definition
| described the socioeconomic class of the industrial age. they were ruling class, bourgeoisie, proletariat, lumpen proletariat |
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Term
| what is anarchism? what is its philosophy? |
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Definition
| left philosophy, opposed to central government control. |
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Term
| who proclaimed "property is theft"? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the desire of anarchists? |
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Definition
| destroy the state and radically decentralize power. |
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Term
| explain propaganda by the deed |
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Definition
| achieving propaganda victories by violently pursuing the revolution |
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Term
| how were the anarchists structured as a whole? |
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Definition
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Term
| who did the anarchists assassinate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does anarchism support? |
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Definition
| destruction of the state, radical decentralization of power, atheism, and individualism |
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Term
| what does anarchism oppose |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the just war doctrine? |
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Definition
| an ideal and a moralistic philosophy |
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Term
| how does the just war doctrine justify acts of extreme violence? |
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Definition
| religious and ideological extremists |
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Term
| what was the significance of the just war doctrine? |
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Definition
| it clarifies who can be defined as an enemy and what kinds of targets it is morally acceptable to attack. |
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Term
| name the 2 concepts of war |
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Definition
| rationale for war and the method of warfare. |
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Term
| what does jus ad bellum mean and what did it regulate |
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Definition
| justice of war: having the correct conditions for waging war in the first place |
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Term
| what does jus in bello mean and what does it regulate |
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Definition
| justice in war: correct behavior while waging war |
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Term
| what were the hague conventions? |
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Definition
| produce 21 international agreements on the rules of war |
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Term
|
Definition
groups for rights of lower class. english workers of early 1800s.
hated technology |
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Term
| what did the luddites protest? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| who was the founder of the luddites? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what did the luddites start destroying in protest? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how did england fight back against luddites? what was the result? |
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Definition
| created an anti-luddite law, punishable by death. killed most, the rest stopped. |
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Term
| who represents the luddites today? give example |
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Definition
| nedd luddites; unabomber, theodore "ted" kaczynski |
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Term
| who were the people's will? |
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Definition
| aka narodnaya volya (anarchists, marxists) students upset with the czarist regime of the 19th century |
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Term
| who did the people's will champion? |
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Definition
| the peasant class--> "land and liberty" Zemla Volya |
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Term
| what was the goal of the people's will? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| who were the black repartition? |
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Definition
| a group of the people's will. they kept to goal of peasant revolution. they became a conspiratorial terrorist oragnization |
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Term
| what were the advantages of becoming a conspiratorial terrorist organization? |
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Definition
better able to force gov't change
believed they understood the underlying problems of russia better than uneducated mass of people |
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Term
| what strategy did the people's will use? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the revolutionary vanguard strategy? |
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Definition
expose weaknesses of gov't to poor
say gov't is weak.
plant revolutionaries among the peasants |
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Term
| why would the revolutionary vanguard strategy call for installing revolutionaryies among the peasants? |
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Definition
| it educated the peasant class on gov't weaknesses, and lead them to revolution. |
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Term
| who did the people's will assassinate? |
|
Definition
| czar alexnader II in 1881 |
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Term
|
Definition
| a system of beliefs to explain social and political conditions |
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Term
|
Definition
| extreme marxist ideology: class warfare, ethno-national liberation to justify political violence. |
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Term
| what does the fringe left seek, use, and see themselves as? |
|
Definition
they seek economic change
they use violence to get what they want
and they see themselves as champions of downtrodden |
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Term
| what were the fringe left's intentions? |
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Definition
see itself at war with government
destroy an existing order
(Red army faction) |
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Term
new terrrorism v old
how is new terrorism characterized? |
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Definition
loose, cell based networks with minimal lines of command and control.
demands WMDs and high intensity weapons |
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Term
| how is new terrorism politically? |
|
Definition
| vague, religion, mystically motivations |
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Term
| what were new terrorism their fighting style? |
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Definition
| assymetrrical to maximize casualties |
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Term
| whos fighitng usually in new terrorism |
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Definition
| non state actors targeting state actors |
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Term
what is old terrorism?
who is involved? |
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Definition
| clearly identifiable organizations or movements |
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Term
| what kind of weapons are used in old terrorism? |
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Definition
| conventional weapons, usually small arms and explosives |
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Term
| what were their targets of old terrorism?? |
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Definition
explicit grievances, championing specific classes or ethno-national groups
surgical selection of targets |
|
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Term
| what is a social movement? |
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Definition
| a group of people of similar demographics campaigning to promote change or protect threatened |
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Term
| what is a traumatic.dramatic event? |
|
Definition
experiencing victimization
individual experience, or group experience
more likely in areas of extended conflict |
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Term
| what do sociological theories study? how would they study terrorism> |
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Definition
sociology theories study human interaction with institutions
they would study terrorism by groups of people or how terrorism can be the result of interactions bn groups in society |
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Term
| who is the key actor in structural theory? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how does revolution happen?> |
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Definition
| when the population is unhappy and elites are alientated from gov't and thereis a pervasive crisis, like a terrible economy may result in revolution |
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Term
| what is the equation for revolution? |
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Definition
| popular discontent+alienated elites+pervasive crisis= revolution |
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Term
| relative deprivation theory: how does it lead to terrorism?> |
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Definition
individuals decide to use collective violence when they are feeling deprived and frustrated. group starts to expect more for their status rights and privleges
feel deprivedcompared to others in society
the feeling of unfairness leads them to action
they challenge social order often by using collective violence |
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Term
|
Definition
deprived of necesseties to survive: food and water
not motivated to engage in counter action because they spend too much time trying to survive |
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Term
| psychological theories are based on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most terrorists are not insane or even crazy.
they are goal oriented using terrorism to accomplish their goal. they seek policy change or exchange of prisoners |
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Term
| individual psychological explanations |
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Definition
| significant events caused them to be anti-social and display anti-social behavior |
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Term
| group level psychological explanation |
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Definition
| caring about group acceptance. leads to violence |
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Term
| generalized explanations of terrorism |
|
Definition
a choice between violent/ less violent alternatives
maintains group cohesion, group solidarity
overcomes individualism
necessary to be esteem of oppressed people
terrorists consider themselves an elite vanguard
found truths that need no explanation
depersonalized symbolic buildings become targets |
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Term
| the process of catching stockholme syndrome. what is the key part of the process? |
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Definition
a pyshcological shift from captive to sympathizer
becomes obsessive identification with what the captor likes/dislikes
receive treatment they begin to think of as kindness and consideration
sympthizing with captors and I.D. with them |
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Term
| women and terrorism movements, which one they more likely to be involved with? |
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Definition
| more common among left wing and nationalist terrorist movemeents than in right wing and religious movements. gender equally ideologies |
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Term
| political violence and strategic choices. how does this thinking proceed? |
|
Definition
acts of political will: effort to force change : choice rational decision
Karl Marx: collapse of capitalism is inevitable.
vladimir illich unin: capitalism will fall by a disciplined organization. ie. communism
To adopt specific tactics and methodologies to defeat an adversary
all that is required to win is political and strategic will |
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Term
|
Definition
fight against their rival beliefs
: chinese revolution mao zedong |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| young muslims and thoughts about america and the west, why are they upset? |
|
Definition
| thet are ubpset because of the behavior of america and western nations |
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Term
| what are the instigating events of the americans an western nations? |
|
Definition
the american led occupation of iraq and insurgency which followed
an open ended presence of western troops in or near muslim countries
broadcast images of civilian casualties and other collateral damage during military operations.
images and rumors of mistreating prisoners in detention facilities
cycles of chronic violence between israelis and palestinians and the perception that the U.S. and west unfairly favor israel |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the end they will reach a utopia |
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|
Term
| commonalities in thinking amongst those who use terrorism |
|
Definition
| moral convictions simplified definition, utopian world |
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Term
|
Definition
superior codes of living. those who follow the codes are superior to those who do not.
code cleanses any action of a true believer |
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Term
| what do revolutionaries conclude about their cause |
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Definition
| revolutionaries conclude their cause is honrable their methods are justifiable and their opponenets are representation of implicalbe will |
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Term
|
Definition
| the terrorists unambiguous certainty of the righteousness of their cause |
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Term
| goals and objectives of their movement are considered what |
|
Definition
| principaled beyond reproach and their methods absolutely justifiable |
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Term
| leila khaled and abu nidal |
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Definition
khaled hijacked a plane, no longer in terrrorism, still alive
nedal- collaborated an attack killings of israeli olympic atheletes. no longer alive. |
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