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| words that appeal to, or evoke, one or more of the five senses |
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| words that cannot be experienced with the senses: fear, philosophy, prudence |
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| the representation of one thing by another. An image is concrete and informs the thing or quality it represents |
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| comparison of two or more unlike things: "the moonlit plaza of his forehead"; "her snowy love"; "the morning is a wave breaking" |
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| comparison of two unlike things using like or as |
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| a reference to something outside the specific sphere of the poem; usually a known entity or personage from history, art, literature, or other fields |
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| endowing something inanimate, or an abstraction, with physical or innate animate qualities |
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| word choice and word order |
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| author's attitude toward his or her subject; expressed as a nou or adjective |
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| an obvious discrepancy between what a character or speaker says and what she intends to mean |
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| direct, literal meaning of a word, independent of the associations and attitudes the words might invoke (e.g. hell is a place created by the Christian religion where sinful people go) |
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| associative meanings of a word independent of its denotative meaning (e.g. hell is terrible, hot, and a punishment |
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| associative meanings of a word independent of its denotative meaning |
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| repetition of similar vowel sounds within a line or lines: day/break |
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| repetition of similar consonant sounds within a line or lines: elope/along |
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| repetition of initial sounds of words, usually consonants |
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| matching final vowel and consonant sound: kate/late |
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| matching final consonant sound/ different vowel sound: mist/last done/own |
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| repetition of words or phrases, usually at line beginnings: "I have a dream" in Dr. Martin Luther King's famous speech |
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| fixed pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables |
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| one unit of meter (an iamb, a spondee, a throchee, etc.) |
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| a metrical foot composed of an unstressed followed by a stressed syllable |
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| a metrical line with five iambs (unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable) |
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| a poem or stanza of four lines, usually with an alternating rhyme scheme |
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| a stanze of two lines, often rhyming; the study of the theory, principles, and notation of verse, especially the musical aspects of rhythm and sound, and sometimes including rhetorical devices of structure |
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| a poem that is short, subjective, concentrated, musical, and usually focused on a single theme |
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| a 14-line lyrical fixed form, typically iambic pentameter, typically using one of several rhyme schemes and expressing a single theme or emotion |
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| a sonnet composed of three quatrains and an autonomous rhymed souplet. The usual format is to set up a proble, in the first quatrain, offer variations in the 2nd and third quatrain, and resolve the problem in the final couplet |
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| a grouping of lines in a poem a poetic paragraph |
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| the poem's narrator; often the "I" of the poem |
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