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| The scientific study of the mind, brain, and behaviour |
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| Rungs on a ladder of explanation, with lower rungs tied most closely to biological influences and higher levels tied most closely to social influences |
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| Single-variable explanations |
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| Explanations that try to account for complex behaviours in terms of only a single cause |
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| Variations among people in their thinking, emotion, and behaviour |
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| Belief that we see the world precisely as it is |
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| Tencency to seek out evidence that supports our hypothesis and neglects or distorts evidence that contradicts them |
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| Tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them |
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| Explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world |
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| Testable prediction derived from a scientific theory |
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| Set of claims that seems scientific but isn't |
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| tendency to perceive meaningful connections among unrelated phenomena |
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| assertions about the world that are not testable |
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| approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence |
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| set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded and careful fashion |
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| Correlation-Causation Fallacy |
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| error of assuming that because one thing is asociated with another, it must cause the other |
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| Capable of being disproved |
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| when a study's findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators |
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| method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences |
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| School of psychology that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience |
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| School of psychology that aimed to understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics |
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| School of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behaviour |
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| Mental processes involved in different aspects of thinking |
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| School of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud that focuses on internal psychological processes of which we're unaware |
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| discipline that applies Darwin's theory of natural selection to human and animal behaviour |
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| Research examining how the mind works |
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| research examining how we can use basic research to solve real-world problems |
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