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| germ or bud (also a suffix) |
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grape-like clusters
(staphylococcus bacterium) |
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twisted or gnarled
(streptococcus bacterium) |
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| abnormal reduction in number |
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| surgical fixation; suspension |
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| the status of being immune, or successfully resistant to infection |
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| blood cells specializing in protecting the body from infection; also called white blood cells |
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| a yellowish fluid channeled through lymphatic capillaries , vessels, and trunks; similar in composition to plasma |
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pea-sized organs filled with white blood cells that filter out foreign materials from the lymph;
nodes that are actively fighting an infection often swell, producing swollen glands used for a diagnosis |
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| microscopic, blind-ended vessels into which interstitial fluid diffuses; they are present in most tissues and often parallel blood capillaries. |
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| clusters of lymphatic tissue, composed of white blood cells that are embedded within the walls of the large intestine; aslso known as Peyer's patches. |
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| large vessels that carry lymph to the subclavian veins near the heart. |
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| vessels that carry lymph from lymphatic capillaries to trunks; they are similar in structure to veins, and link lymph nodes to form a chain that leads toward the heart. |
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| type of white blood cell that plays the primary role in conferring immunity and forms the bulk of lymphatic tissue; includes T cells and B cells |
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| any organism that causes disease |
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| the soft organ located in the chest superior to the heart in which some white blod cells (T) become mature before entering the circulation; part of endocrine system |
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| a poisonous substance produced by a cell or tissue that affects various parts of the body |
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| protiens released by activated B cells (plasma cells), which selectively bind to antigens during an immune response |
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any foreign substance, usually a protien, against which an immune response is directed;
"antibody-generating" |
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| a white blood cell that responds to antigens by releasing substances including histamine and serotonin, which cause inflammation. |
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one fo two types of lymphocytes, B cells respond to an infection by secreting antibodies which rewuire activation by a helper T cell;
B cell activity = acquired immune response |
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| a combination of protien fibers and trapped blood cells produced to slow or stop blood loss after an injury |
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| the process of blood clot formation |
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| a dissolved protien in blood that is the precursor for fibrin, which is the main protein component in a blood clot. |
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| white blood cells that figh tinfection by phagocytizing unwanted foreign particles |
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| process of "cell eating", during which a particle is ingested into the ells cytoplasm and digested. |
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| the liquid portion of blood |
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| cell fragments in the blood that faciltate the formation of blood clots; also called thrombocytes |
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| the portion of plasma after fibrinogen has been removed |
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| a soft, oblong organ located lateral and slightly posterior to the stomach in the abdominal cavity; it serves as a storage site for red blood cells and white blood cells |
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type of lymphocyte that mounts an immune response that includes activation of other white blood cells, direct distruction of foreign cells, and establishment of a memory of the infection to creat immunity.
T cell= innate immune response |
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| the ain lymphatic trunk, located alongside the aorta as it extends from the diaphragm behind the heart; it unites with the left subclavian vein, where it channels about three-quarters of the body's lymph drainage into the bloodstream |
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| small moval organs in the throat region that are filled with white blood cells that fight infection; they include one pharyngeal tonsil in the upper throat which are called adenoids and swell with infection. two palatine tonsils near the union of the oral cavity and throat, and two lingual tonsils at the back of the tongue. |
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| presence of red blood cells of unequal size |
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| presence of bacteria in the bloodstream |
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| abnormally reduced number of red blood cells |
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| rupture of the red blood cell membrane |
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| loss of blood from the circulation |
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| abnormally large-sized red blood cells |
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| large, irregularly shaped red blood cells |
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| abnormal increases in the number of erythrocytes in the blood |
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| abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
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| prescence of toxins in the blood stream |
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome
cause by HIV, which disables the immune response by destroying mainly helper T cells (needed for activaqtion of B cells). Loss of protection allows infections to proliferate, and eventually cause death. |
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| response to an allergen, which is an antigen that produces a hypersensitivity reaction that includes immediate inflammation but does not elicit other immune responses; Most common allergies are 'hay fever' which affect the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, skin or areas that came into contact with the allergen |
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| immediate reaction to an antigen that includes rapid inflammation and system-wide smooth muscle contractions |
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| reduced ability of red bloods cells to deliver oxygen to tissues resulting from a reduction of circulating RBC's, the amo9unt of hemaglobin, or the volume of RBC's; common formas are aplastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, pernicious anemia |
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| anemia characterized by the failure of red bone marrow to produce red blood cells |
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| any one of the several diseases that are caused by a person's own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues, including rheumatoid artheritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis |
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| a for mof poisoning cause by theingestion of food contaminated with the toxin produced by bacterium Clostridium botulinum |
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| a diseas causaed by a bacterium and its toxin, resulting in inflammation of mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat. |
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| general term for abnormal condition of the blood. |
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| a blood disorder resulting from incompatibility between a fetus with Rh+ blood and it'smother with Rh- blood, which cause the desruction of fetal red blod cells, and requres blood transfusions to save the fetus. AKA Rh Mismatch of hemolytic disease of newborn |
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| a fungal infetion distributed by way of the blood stream. |
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| te infection of a wound caused by various anaerobic bacteria that produces a fermentation gas, necrosis, and septicemia |
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| inherited disorder that results in an excessive accumulation of iron deposits in the body |
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| an inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective blood clotting protiens involved in blood coagulation |
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| cancer of lymphatic tissue, characterized by the progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, faqtigue, and deficiency of the immune response |
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| a conditon resulting from a defective immune response |
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| reduction of an immune response cause by disease of, int he case of organ transplants, by the use of chemical, pharacologic, physical, or immunologic agents |
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| a multiplication of disease causing micro-organisms |
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| swelling of body tissue caused by the movement of plasma into the extracellular space to produce edema, or fluid accumulation in the tissue. |
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| a viral disease characterized by a temporary inflammation of mucous membranes and fever. Commonly called "the flu", it is highly contagious and the virus is capable of mutating to escape B & T cells. |
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| anemia that is caused by a lack of iron, which results in smaller red blood cells containing deficient levels of hemoglobin. |
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| cancer of the red bone marrow, which is blood forming tissue. |
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| inflammation of the lymph nodes |
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| literally, disease of the lymph nodes; mthis general term is often applied to a syndrome, lymphadenopathy syndrom (LAS), which is persistent swelling of the lymph nodes that often precedes the onset of AIDS. |
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| tumor originating in lymphatic tissue |
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| a disease caused by a parasitic protozoan that infects red blood cells, which is carried by Anopheles mosquitos; it is characterized by periodic fevers and fatigue |
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| a viral disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes, atypical lymphocytes, sore throat, fever and fatigue. |
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| bone marrow disorder characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells, which usually develops into a form of leukemia |
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| a disorder, usually bacterial infections, contracted during a hopital stay; often due to antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus |
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| anemia caused by an inadequate supply of folic acid (vitamin B12), resulting in red blood cells that are large, varied in shape, and reduced in number. |
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| any infectious disease of wide spread prevalence or excessive martaility; also refers specifically to an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, characterized by high fever, skin eruptions, internal hemorrhage, and pneumonia AKA bubonic plague |
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| a becterial infection spread from the mouth of an infected animal, usually by way of a bite; the bacterium produces a neurotoxin that acts onthe central nervous system, and is highly fatal. |
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| systematic disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood; a person suffering fromthis is refrerref to as "septic" |
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| inherited, chronice anemia that is caharacterized by defectie hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become missshapen, resulting in drowsiness, leg ulcerations, fever joint and abdominal pain, and thrombosis |
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| the presence of staphylococcus bacteria in the blood, which is the literal menaing of the term; commonly called a staph infection, it is frequent complication to normal healing and also the mot common cause of food poisoning, skin inflammation, osteomyelitus, and nosocomial infections. |
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| a diease caused by a powerful neurotoxin released by the common becterium Clostridium tetani; the toxin acts upon the central nervous system to cause convulsions and paralysis |
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| a tumor originating in the thymus gland |
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| therapeutic treatment in which a susbstance with know toxicity to bacteria, which may be obtained from a mold (fungus) or from other bacteria, is administered.; it is efffective only against bacteria, many types of which are capable developing resistance,m especially when they are not administered properly/ |
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| a chamical agent that reduces the clotting process. |
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| application of drugs to battle against a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly known as retroviruses,(i.e. HIV) also known as combination therapy. the drugs form a cocktail that includes nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors all of which block replication of HIV |
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| a process in which pathogens are rendered less virulent, prior to their incorporation into a vaccine preparation |
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| transfusion of blood donated by a patient for personal use; ths is a common procedure before a surgery to avoid potential incompatability or contamination |
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| test or series of tests on plasma to measure the levels of perticular components |
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| a test to determine infection i nthe blood by placing a blood sample on a nutritive media in an effort to grow populations of bacteria for analysis |
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| introduction of blood, blood products, or a blood substitute into a patients circulation to restore blood volume to normal levels the twomain types od blood transfusions are autologous and homologous |
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timed blood test to determine requried for a blood clot to form;
prothrombin time-- measures the time required for prothrombin to form thrombin.
partial thrombinplastin time--used to evaluate clotting ability |
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| common lab blood test that provide diagnostic information of a patients general health (CBC), also includes several other test including hematocrit hemaglobin, red blod count & white blood count. |
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| microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell using a stained blood smear. |
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| erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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| a timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells fall through a volume of plasma to provide information on their hemoglobin content (ESR); commonly used to evaluate nonspecific systemaqtic inflammation. |
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| a test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood; abbreviated (HCT or Hct) it is obtained from centrifuging a sample of blood to separate blood cells |
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| the general field of medicine focusing on blood-relatd disease. |
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| test that measures the level of hemeglobin in red blood cells (HGB) |
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| transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person; it requires blood type matching known as crossmatching to prevent incompatibility |
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| a procedure that provides immunity against a particular atigen |
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| study concerned with immunity and allergy |
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| used in the treatment of infectious diseases, it is the use of agents to activiate or strengthen the immune response. |
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| removal of lymph nodes for pathological study to assist in a diagnosis; AKA lymph node biopsy. |
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| the process of x-ray photography of the lymph nodes following an injection of a contrast medium. |
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| incision into a lymph node |
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| x-ray photography of lymphatic vessels follwing injection of contrast medium; (lymphangiogram) |
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| removal of donors blood, which is then separated into blood components, with one portion retained for use and the remainder returned to the donor. |
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| calculation of platelets in blood (PLT) |
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| any treatment that tends to prevent the onset of an infection or other type of disease. |
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| measures the number of red blood cells per cubic centimeter (RBC) |
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| surgical fixation of the spleen |
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| the process of dissolving a blood clot |
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| excision of the thymus gland |
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| inoculation of a culture that hasd been reduced virulence as a means of providing a cure or a prophylaxis |
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| any preparation used to activate an immune response |
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