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| president Harding's brought his friends to work within Washington and they leased the teapot dome oil reserves to oilmen who paid them kickbacks |
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| fear of communism in 1920's |
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| banned alcohol at national level and had negative consequences, rise in organized crime |
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| emerged out of Progressive Movement, the eighteenth amendment would make alcohol illegal in america, eighteenth amendment repealed in 1933 |
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| rebirth of African American culture in Harlem, NY, AAm authors, poets, artists, musicians, and movie stars found greater freedom of expression |
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| representational expressionist painter |
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| hero of 1920's, flew nonstop across the Atlantic in his airplane, Spirit of St. Louis |
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| assembly line, created mobile society by mass producing model T |
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| arrested and put on trial for teaching evolution in the public schools in Tennessee, found guilty but eventually it was overturned by the higher court, he had a right to freedom of speech |
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| lawer for Scopes, scopes was charged with violating a Tennessee statue against teaching evolution in schools, defended freedom of speech |
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| 1919, agreement ended WWI, established the League of Nations, charged Germany with blame of war and made them pay for damage, took all Germ's colonies away, created new countries out of defeated countries in Europe, sow the seeds of WWII |
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| 1918, suggestions made by Wilson after the war: freedom of seas, equal trade, reduction of armaments, self determination of the new nations, creations of League of Nations, end all alliances |
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| president of US during WWI, progressive |
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| bonds were sold to finance the war, people rationed to send food to troops, victory gardens were planted to conserve store bought food |
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| last major offensive of the war |
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| fighting fought in trenches |
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| letter sent to Mexico by Germany asking them to attack US to keep us out of war |
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| British ocean liner sunk by Germans in 1915, we got upset and didn't enter war |
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| Unrestricted submarine warfare-reason US entered war |
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| Germany was sinking all vessels in the sea that they felt were a threat |
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| years of American involvement of WWI |
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| assassination of ________ was the spark that started the Great War |
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| Great Britain, France Russia, and eventually USA |
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| Causes of the war in Europe |
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| Militarism, imperialism, nationalism, alliances |
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| started in 1901 by Teddy Roosevelt and finished in 1914, canal was built for quicker and safer access to the east and west, changed the world's systems of transportation, communication and economics |
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| 1899-1900, all nations would have equal trading rights in China |
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| adopted by Pres. Howard Taft to encourage investment by American banks and businesses in Latin American and the Far East |
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| pres. of US, built Panama Canal, fought in Spanish American war, supported expansionism, created national parks, prosecuted big business, supported passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act |
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| admiral and historian whose theories on the relationship of sea power and world commerce influenced foreign policy development in the 1880's and 1890's, wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History |
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| senator that supported American expansionism as a way to increase national pride, spread civilization and gain world power |
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| triggered by explosion of the USS Maine on Cuba, America defeats the Spanish and acquire Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, Cubans receive freedom from Spanish by America |
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| addition to Monroe Doctrine by TRoosevelt, stated that America had the right to interfere with any country in the Western Hemisphere |
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| 1823, a statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere |
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| look to foreign markets for investment, seeking control of foreign trade to bolster the domestic economy |
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| take countries over and bring civilization to them |
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| first African American woman elected to Congress and the first to run as candidate for president |
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| Author of the Declaration of the Rights of Women, wanted the vote for women and organized the first women's rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention |
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| leading force in woman's suffrage movement |
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| African American leader, wanted all AAm to become financially independent by learning a trade |
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| African American leader, first AAm to eard Ph.D., earned it from Harvard, active in formation of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People aka NAACP |
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| guaranteed direct elections of senators by the voters 1913 |
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| gave Congress the power to tax income 1913 |
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| supported unionization and labor reforms, opposed strikes and favored negotiation as a means to improve the conditions for laborers |
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| led by Progressive Party in the 1920's, favored breakup of corporate monopolies and trusts, public control of the nation's resources, farm relief, and reduced income taxes |
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| minority party seeking to voice reforms, they reflect change and often contribute new ideas to politics... any party that is not one of the two dominant parties- Rep or Dem |
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| process by which voters approve bills offered by legislation through voting |
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| voters hold the power to remove an elected official from office before the next scheduled election |
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| process by which special interest groups, thru voter participation, propose bills to their legislature for a vote |
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| political movement of the early 1900's, purpose was to reform the government, society and economy, reaction of the Gilded Age |
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| 1890, gov tried to control monopolies, outlawed trusts which monopolized and restrained free trade |
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| trust, monopoly, and Sherman Antitrust Act |
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| children worked in factories up until the late 19th century |
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| informal organizations that controlled government, created by elected officials to stay in power |
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| 1883,to reduce power of political machines, congress created standards for political service, established a commission to develop a test to administer to those seeking a job in the government |
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| favoring native born Americans over Immigrants |
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Ellis- NY
Angel- San Francisco |
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| rights of laborers were undermines as industrialization grew in America, workers unionized to protect rights as a worker, increase in pay, and shorter hours |
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| wealthy thru steel industry |
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| am gov tried to kill them, remove them, and put on reservations |
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| 1887, dissolved Native American tribes, gave the heads of family onesixty acres to farm, tried to assimilate NatAmericans |
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| politician and orator that supported ordinary ppl reforms, favored women's suffrage, income tax, and prohibition, ran for pres 3 times and lost, was a lawyer in Scopes trial, denounced evolution |
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| 1887, effort to regulate railroad monopolies |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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| first railroad to connect EAST to WEST coasts, built by immigrants |
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| 1867-1877, rebuild the south and readmit southern states into union |
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| Radical Reconstruction Congress |
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| radical republicans of north wanted harsh treatment of the south and quick incorporation of freedman into citizenship with full privileges |
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| male black men right to vote |
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| protected rights of citizens, free slaves citizen |
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| 1863, Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg dedicate national cemetery |
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| Emancipation Proclamation date |
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| pres of Confederate south |
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| writer and orator, civil rights and freedom |
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| movement to abolish slavery |
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| fourteen nineties to seventeen nineties for labor in new world |
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| Supreme Court Case in 1857 which confirmed the status of slaves as private property |
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| states rights in early 1800s, led South Carolina to nullify the Tariff of 1828 |
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| congress passed high tariff to protest US interest from competition from foreign trade, angered southerners who dealt w/ foreign merchants, SCarolina declared tariff null, tariff was reduced slowly to prevent civil war |
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| ag production based on large scale land ownership and exploitation of labor and the environment |
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| removing impurities from iron to make steel, cheap and fast, increased Indust Rev |
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| writings like Virginia Declaration of Rights were models for US constitution |
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| Philadelphia Convention of seventeen eighty-seven |
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| purpose was to revise Art of Confed, but instead the constitution was written |
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| written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay |
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| written in 1620, drafted by Pilgrims, first written form of gov and set example of majority rule |
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| 1756 to 1763, Brit vs French, created debt |
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| distribution of power between federal government and states within a union |
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| concept of political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government |
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| Representative Government |
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| power is held by the people and exercised through the efforts of representatives elected by those people |
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| philosophy of limited gov with representatives elected by those people |
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| rights in Bill of Rights that protect economic, political, and personal rights |
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| fundamental rights or natural rights guaranteed to people naturally instead of by law |
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| established principle of judicial review |
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