A deposition of fibro-fatty lesions

Hormone producer

Aid in digestion (constituant of biles)

Help construct cell membranes

Essential to nerve and brain function

Age

Smokers

Hereditary

Diet (high in saturated fats, low in fiber)

Hypertension

Systemic disorder (Diabetes, gout-acidity and irritations in blood)

Environmental pollutions

Soft water drinkers

Sedentary lifestyle

Stress

Silent myocardial ischemia

Angina Pectoris

Myocardial infarction

90% caused by artherosclerosis

10% caused by stenosis (scarring or vasospasm)

Someone comes into your clinic and says that their heart reacts when doing any of the mentionned-below:

Overexertion, sudden physical exertion

Emotional stress, strong emotions like anger or frustrations (even when dreaming)

Sudden large scale temperature changes or altitude changes

Smoking

Eating very large meals

Reactions to certain medications and other chemicals

Which condition has the above-mentionned as typical precipitators?

Below are what is appropriate if an angina attack develops during a massage except one. Which one?

Stop the treatment

Redrape the client

Do what's appropriate: vis a vis medicine

position in supine with trunk elevated or seated comfortably

Monitor and maintain calm environment

Be ready to call for medical assistance (911) if needed

-Hydro: Extreme T^oC (thermophore on back, cold applications), full body applications (sauna, affusions)

-Manipulations resulting in significant increase in SympNS response

eg: Heavy tapotment, frictions and other painful techniques (TrP Ther, deep petrissage)

-Techniques increasing venous return aka anything increasing stress on the heart

-What is the first precaution to make when treating someone with angina?

-With patches?

-Know where their medication is and the prescribe dose.

-with patches: don't physically manipulate them, don't wet or oil the patch (avoid touching by 4" in all directions)

->massage with a client wearing a patch can increase the delivery rate for the client and can dose the massage therapist

-A heart-healthy diet low in cholesterol and fats and oils

-Good control of diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)

-Regular exercise

-Quitting smoking and staying away from second-hand tobacco smoke

- Bacteria

- Viruses

- Autoimmune conditions (especially Rheumatic Fever, Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE)

- Drug reactions

- Fungus (Candida) if immunosuppressed

-Fever, chills, fatigue, weight loss, muscle ache, and sweating

-Constant deep achy chest pain that doesn't change with rest or activity

Acute s/s of CHF (pulmonary edema and SOB)

->from an acute valve damage

-Hematuria (when infection spreads to kidneys)

- Treatment is with long-term antibiotics (4-6 wks or more)

- If valve damage presents: surgical repair or valve replacement is required

- Thrombosis, Embolism (thrombus, vegetations or septic material can also spread the infection)

- Permanent valve damage (heart murmur, possible need for repair/replacement surgery in extreme cases)

- CCHF secondary to valve problems

- Avoid treatment while the condition is active and risk of embolism is high (MD approval)

- With previous hx of endocarditis: RMT should establish whether there is a present risk of embolism

- Client could be taking anticoagulants (↑ bleeding/bruising)

- Assess for CCHF status and adapt treatment accordingly

- Viral infections: asymptomatic, preceded many times with flu-like illness or gastroenteritis

- Constant deep pain similar to endocarditis, with fatigue, SOB, fever, or arthralgia

- Sudden acute myocarditis: appear in the form of heart failure or suddent cardiac death

- An inflammatory condition of the heart muscle

- Can disguise itself as ischemic, valvular, or hypertensive heart disease

- Viral infections are self-limiting = management is through rest and avoidance of physical exertion

- Bacterial infection = antibiotics

- Autoimmune causes are the most difficult to treat

Fever, chest pain, CHF, arrythmias, syncope

What heart condition presents with pain that does not change with positions change and is possibly exacerbated by deep breathing? Is it:

- Endocarditis

- Myocarditis

- Pericarditis

- Rheumatic fever

The major concern for the RMT treating a client with endocarditis is:

A) Embolism

B) Septic infection

C) Valve disease

D) A and B

E) all of the above

What is most likely contraindicated for massage therapy?

A) Angina

B) Unstable angina

C) Active or current Myocarditis

D) Active or current Endocarditis

E) B and D

Vegitations is a part of:

- Endocarditis

- Myocarditis

- Pericarditis

- Cardiac Temponade

Diastolic pressure is primarily dependent upon the:
- Total peripheral resistance

- Cardiac Output

- Aortic stenosis

What is the main indicator of quality of tissue perfusion?

Which of the following points about onion skinning is TRUE?

A) increases diffusion across the capillary wall leading to excessive edema in the interstitium

B) the inner wall of the lumen becomes damaged and repairs with scar tissue

C) the inner wall of the lumen becomes reinforced with additional layers of squamous epithelial cells

D) it consists of a core extracellular lipids covered by a fibrous cap

E) none of the above statements about onion skinning is true

Blood pressure is regulated by the following EXCEPT:

A) cardiac output

B) heart rate

C) arteriole vasoconstriction

D) stroke volume

E) venous return

F) all the above regulate blood pressure

Which of the following is NOT a common theory regarding the cause of secondary hypertension?

A) Kidney disease

B) Inheritance

C) Pregnancy

D) Atherosclerosis