Term
| What are the 3 layers of the eye? |
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Definition
Retina - Innermost Layer
Choroid Layer - Middle Layer
Corneo-Scleral Layer - Outer Layer |
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Term
| T/F: The lens lies in from of the cornea. |
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Definition
| False. The lens lies behind the cornea |
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Term
| What does the Retinal Layer contain? |
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Definition
Neural Retina Cells
Retinal Pigment Epithelium |
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Term
| What does the Choroid Layer contain? |
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Definition
Middle vascular layer that contains:
Choroid
Iris
Ciliary Body |
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Term
| What does the Corno-scleral Layer contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 chambers of the eye? |
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Definition
Anterior Chamber
Posterior Chamber
Vitreous Chamber |
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Term
| What characterizes the Anterior Chamber of the eye? |
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Definition
1. Space defined by the cornea, iris and lens
2. Filled with aqueous humor |
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Term
| What characterizes the Posterior Chamber of the eye? |
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Definition
1. Space defined by the iris, lens, zonule fibers, and ciliary body
2. Filled with aqueous humor |
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Term
| What characterizes the Vitreous Chamber of the eye? |
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Definition
1. Space defined by the lens, zonule fibers, and retina.
2. Filled with gelatinous vitreous humor |
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Term
| Which two germ layers ddoes the eye develop from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Embryologically, what does the retina form from? |
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Definition
| Primitive diencephalon portion of the brain to form the optic vesicle. |
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Term
| T/F: The inner layer of the optic disc will form the neural retina and the outer layer will form the retinal pigment epithelium. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 10 recognized layers of the retina from outermost to innermost? |
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Definition
1. Retinal Pigment Epithelium
2. Rod and Cone Photoreceptor Outer Segments
3. Outer Limiting Membrane
4. Outer Nuclear Layer of Photoreceptor Cell Bodies
5. Outer Synaptic or Plexiform Layer
6. Inner Nuclear Layer of interneuron cell bodies
7. internal synaptic or plexiform layer
8. ganglion cell body layer
9. ganglion cell axon layer
10. inner limiting membrane
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Term
| What is the role of the Retinal Epithelium Layer? |
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Definition
| Provides nutritional support for photoreceptors, absorbs stray light, and phagocytoses shed membranous material from the outer segments of photoreceptors. |
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Term
| What carries out phototransduction to convert light into neural activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What processes the signal in the eye from photoreceptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What transmits signals from the interneurons to the optic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the macula or fovea? |
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Definition
| Portion of the retina directly in line with the visual field containing all cones, no blood vessels, and cell spreading to form a pit, all of which serve to maximize high acuity color vision. |
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Term
| What portion of the retina is the origination of the optic nerve and is a functional blind spot? |
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Definition
| Optic Disk or Optic Papilla |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the location of where the multilayered neural retina simplifies into a single layer columnar epithelium that is not photoreceptive. |
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Term
| What are the portions of choroid layer? |
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Definition
Choroid
Ciliary Body
Iris |
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Term
| What is characteristic of the Choroid? |
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Definition
| Highly vascularized, pigmented loose connective tissue layer |
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Term
| What is characteristic of the Ciliary Body? |
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Definition
1. Adjusts the shape of the lens
2. Formed from the anterior extension of the choroid
3. Covered by double layer of the epithelium
4. Contains ciliary muscle with Parasympathetic innervation
5. Zonule Fibers
6. Ciliary Processes |
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Term
| What is the function of the Zonule Fibers? |
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Definition
| Fine ligaments, connect ciliary body to lens, whose shape is affected by contraction of ciliary muscle |
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Term
| What are Ciliary Processes? |
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Definition
| Thin extensions from the ciliary body which are the source of aqueous humor |
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Term
| What is the function of the Iris? |
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Definition
Regulates the amount of light entering into the eye by changing the size of the pupil.
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Term
| From what is the Iris formed from? |
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Definition
| It is formed from the anteriormost extension of the choroid. |
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Term
| Which muscle cells in the Iris are responsible for dilation? |
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Definition
| Dilator Pupillae (Myoepithelial Cells) |
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Term
| Which muscles in the Iris are responsible for pupil constriction? |
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Definition
| Constrictor Pupillae (Smooth Muscle) |
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Term
| What are the portions of the Corneo-scleral layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What covers the posterior 5/6th aspect of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the point of insertion for extraocular muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What covers the anterior 1/6th portion of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 layers of the cornea from external to internal? |
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Definition
1. Stratified squamous non-keratinized corneal epithelium layer
2. Bowman's Membrane, or the basement membrane
3. The middle substantia propria or stroma layer
4. Descemet's membrane
5. Simple Squamous Corneal endothelium layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| It marks the point of transition from sclera to cornea. It also houses the Canal of Schlemm. |
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Term
| What is the role of the Canal of Schlemm? |
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Definition
| Located in the limbus, it is primarily used to drain the aqueous humor. If intraocular pressure builds up, it can cause glaucoma. |
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Term
| What is the lens of the eye? |
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Definition
| It is a biconvex transparent tissue which functions to provide fine focus of the visual image by changing its shape under the influence of the ciliary muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| It is an opacification of the lens primarly due to build up of proteins. |
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Term
| What is the function of the eyelid? |
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Definition
| Functions to protect the exposed surface of the eye. |
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Term
| What is the composition of the eyelid? |
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Definition
| Covered on the outer surface by thin skin and on its inner surface by conjunctiva, composed of stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. |
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Term
| What are the internal components of the eye? |
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Definition
1. Tarsal Plate
2. Obicularis Muscle
3. Meibomium Glands - Large sebaceous glands
4. Small sebaceous glands of Zeis
5. Sweat glands of Moll |
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Term
| What is the tubulo-alveolar serous gland that secretes tears? |
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Definition
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