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Systems Chapter
ASA Prep
141
Aviation
Professional
07/22/2013
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Term
Fouling of spark plugs is more apt to occur if the aircraft
 Definition
gains altitude with no mixture adjustment.
Term
Blade angle of a propeller is defined as the angle between the
 Definition
chord line and plane of rotation.
Term
Why should special precautions be taken when filling propane bottles?
 Definition
Propane is very cold and may cause freeze burns
Term
The best power mixture is that fuel/air ratio at which
 Definition
the most power can be obtained for any given throttle setting.
Term
The fuel vents on many powered parachutes and weight shift control aircraft are located
 Definition
in the fuel cap.
Term
The first indication of carburetor icing in an aircraft equipped with a constant-speed propeller would most likely be a
 Definition
decrease in manifold pressure.
Term
Which statement is true about the effect of temperature changes on the indications of a sensitive altimeter?
 Definition
Colder-than-standard temperatures will place the aircraft lower than the altimeter indicates.
Term
On a multiengine airplane, where the propellers rotate in the same direction, why is the loss of power on one engine more critical than the loss of power on the other engine?
 Definition
The asymmetric propeller thrust or P-factor results in the center of thrust from one engine being farther from the airplane centerline than the center of thrust from the other engine.
Term
Many 4-cycle engines utilize what type of lubrication system?
 Definition
Forced.
Term
If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to
 Definition
lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.
Term
Prior to starting the engine, the manifold pressure gauge usually indicates approximately 29" Hg. This is because the
 Definition
pressure within the manifold is the same as atmospheric pressure.
Term
What energy source is used to drive the turbine of a turbocharged airplane?
 Definition
Engine exhaust gases
Term
Propane is preferred over butane for fuel in hot air balloons because
 Definition
it develops higher pressure.
Term
Low-frequency vibrations are normally associated with the
 Definition
main rotor.
Term
Unless adjusted, the fuel/air mixture becomes richer with an increase in altitude because the amount of fuel
 Definition
remains constant while the density of air decreases.
Term
During preflight, the fuel vent system should always be checked
 Definition
to ensure the vent is open.
Term
When refueling aircraft, which precaution would be adequate for eliminating the potential hazard of static electricity?
 Definition
Connect a ground wire between the aircraft, fuel truck, fuel nozzle, and ground.
Term
Fuel enters a two-cycle engine through an
 Definition
intake port and intake valve.
Term
Why type of oxygen should be used to replenish an aircraft oxygen system?
 Definition
Aviation
Term
Which airspeed is identified by color coding on an airspeed indicator?
 Definition
Maximum structural cruising speed.
Term
What airspeed indicator marking identifies the maximum structural cruising speed of an aircraft?
 Definition
Upper limit of the green arc.
Term
Which instrument would be affected by excessively low pressure in the airplane's vacuum system?
 Definition
Heading indicator.
Term
2-cycle engine thrust and fuel efficiency can be greatly compromised when
 Definition
exhaust systems are installed that are not specifically tuned for an engine.
Term
The reason for variations in geometric pitch (twisting) along a propeller blade is that it
 Definition
permits a relatively constant angle of attack along its length when in cruising flight.
Term
If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine
 Definition
cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position.
Term
If both the ram-air input and drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what airspeed indication can be expected?
 Definition
No variation of indicated airspeed in level flight even if large power changes are made.
Term
Ground resonance is most likely to occur when
 Definition
a series of shocks cause the rotor system to become out of balance.
Term
During which stroke of a reciprocating engine is the gaseous mixture expanding within the cylinder?
 Definition
Power
Term
Fuel injection systems, compared to carburetor systems, are generally considered to be
 Definition
just as susceptible to impact icing.
Term
Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when
 Definition
the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.
Term
Which statement is true concerning rotor systems?
 Definition
The main rotor blades of a semirigid rotor system can flap and feather as a unit.
Term
Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when
 Definition
the unburned fuel/air charge in the cylinders is subjected to instantaneous combustion.
Term
What effect, if any, does ambient temperature have on propane tank pressure?
 Definition
It was no effect.
Term
With regard to gyroscopic precession, when a force is applied at a point on the rim of a spinning disc, the resultant force acts in which direction and at what point?
 Definition
In the same direction as the applied force, 90° ahead in the plane of rotation.
Term
The purpose of the preheating coil used in hot air balloons is to
 Definition
vaporize the fuel for more efficient burner operation
Term
During power-off stalls with flaps full down, the stall occurs and the pointer on the airspeed indicator shows a speed less than the minimum limit of the white are on the indicator. This is most probably due to
 Definition
installation error in the pitot-static system.
Term
At high altitudes, an excessively rich mixture will cause the
 Definition
fouling of spark plugs.
Term
A propeller rotating clockwise, as seen from the rear, creates a sprialing slipstream that tends to rotate the aircraft to the
 Definition
right around the vertical axis, and to the right around the longitudinal axis.
Term
Why should methanol be added to propane fuel?
 Definition
Helps prevent moisture from forming in the fuel system.
Term
In the Northern Hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate
 Definition
correctly when on a north or south heading while either accelerating or decelerating.
Term
Excessively high engine temperatures will
 Definition
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
Term
The best way to determine burner BTU availability is the
 Definition
fuel pressure gauge.
Term
One advantage of fuel injection systems over carburetor systems is
 Definition
better fuel distribution to the cylinders.
Term
The low temperature that causes carburetor ice in an engine equipped with a float-type carburetor is normally the result of the
 Definition
vaporization of fuel and expansion of air in the carburetor.
Term
What is true altitude?
 Definition
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
Term
Concerning the advantages of an aircraft generator or alternator, select the true statement.
 Definition
An alternator provides more electrical power at lower engine RPM than a generator.
Term
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
 Definition
The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
Term
As a result of gyroscopic precession, it can be said that any
 Definition
yawing around the vertical axis results in a pitching moment.
Term
What does the lower limit of the white arc on an airspeed indicator represent?
 Definition
Power-off stall speed in a landing configuration.
Term
The formation of ice in a carburetor's throat is indicated by
 Definition
a drop in RPM, followed by rough engine operation.
Term
What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine?
 Definition
Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges.
Term
During preflight in cold weather, crankcase breather lines should receive special attention because they are susceptible to being clogged by
 Definition
ice from crankcase vapors that have condensed and subsequently frozen.
Term
The purpose of a kill switch is to
 Definition
ground the lead wire to the ignition coil shutting down the powerplant.
Term
The pilot controls the air/fuel ratio with the
 Definition
mixture control.
Term
For internal cooling, air cooled aircraft engines are especially dependent on
 Definition
the circulation of lubricating oil.
Term
A typical two-cycle engine ignition coil is powered by
 Definition
a magneto.
Term
What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?
 Definition
Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed.
Term
What is the primary advantage of a constant-speed propeller?
 Definition
To obtain a pitch setting that is suitable for each flight situation and power setting.
Term
As flight altitude increases, what will occur if no leaning is made with the mixture control?
 Definition
The density of air entering the carburetor decreases and the amount of fuel remains constant.
Term
Leaving the carburetor heat on during takeoff
 Definition
will increase the ground roll.
Term
Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to
 Definition
decrease engine performance.
Term
What type of oxygen system is most commonly found in general aviation aircraft?
 Definition
Continuous flow.
Term
When the pilot leans the mixture control, what is being accomplished?
 Definition
The amount of fuel entering the combustion chamber is being reduced.
Term
Which statement is true regarding fouling of the spark plugs of an aircraft engine?
 Definition
Spark plug fouling results from operating with an excessively rich mixture.
Term
Pitot-static system errors are generally the greatest in which range of airspeed?
 Definition
Low airspeed.
Term
In addition to an added safety factor, dual ignition systems also provide
 Definition
better combustion.
Term
Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?
 Definition
Temperature between 20 and 70°F and high humidity.
Term
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as
 Definition
pre-ignition.
Term
The distance a propeller actually advances in one revolution is
 Definition
effective pitch.
Term
Running a fuel tank dry before switching tanks is not a good practice because
 Definition
the engine-driven fuel pump or electric fuel boost pump draw air into the fuel system and cause vapor lock.
Term
Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?
 Definition
When at sea level under standard conditions.
Term
The first indication of carburetor ice in an aircraft with a four-cycle engine and fixed-pitch propeller is
 Definition
a decrease in RPM.
Term
In the Northern Hemisphere, which would be correction about starting the rollout form a turn using a magnetic compass? Start the rollout
 Definition
after the compass indication passes south by a number of degrees approximately equal to the latitude minus the normal rollout lead.
Term
What is the primary purpose of the clutch?
 Definition
It allows the engine to be started without driving the main rotor system.
Term
In most helicopters, what is one cause of in-flight medium frequency vibrations?
 Definition
Improper rigging of tail rotor.
Term
If the static pressure tubes are broken inside a pressurized cabin during a high-altitude flight, the altimeter would probably indicate
 Definition
lower than actual flight altitude.
Term
During climbing flight using a turbocharged airplane, the manifold pressure will remain approximately constant until the
 Definition
engine's critical altitude is reached.
Term
Pilots should refrain from revving an engine wiht a reduction drive because
 Definition
the torque exerted on the gears during excessive acceleration and deceleration can cause the gear box to self-destruct.
Term
Proper mixture control and better economy in the operation of a fuel injected engine can be achieved best by use of
 Definition
an exhaust gas temperature indicator.
Term
The purpose of the fuel tank vent system is to
 Definition
allow air to enter the tank as fuel is consumed.
Term
Which statement is true regarding propeller efficiency? Propeller efficiency is the
 Definition
ratio of thrust horsepower to brake horsepower.
Term
In order to improve engine efficiency, two-cycle engine exhaust systems are tuned to
 Definition
stop the fuel mixture from existing the cylinder before combustion.
Term
If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, you may have been
 Definition
operating with too much power and with the mixture set too lean.
Term
Concerning carburetor icing, which statement is true?
 Definition
Carburetor icing would most likely form when the air temperature is between -7°C and 21°C and visible moisture or high humidity is present.
Term
What is the purpose of the rebreather bag on an oxygen mask in a continuous-flow system?
 Definition
Helps to conserve oxygen.
Term
What is the primary purpose of the freewheeling unit?
 Definition
It provides disengagement of the engine from the rotor system for autorotation purposes.
Term
A high-frequency vibration in flight would most likely indicate potential trouble with
 Definition
a piston engine malfunction.
Term
Detonation in an aircraft engine is most likely to occur whenever the
 Definition
engine is operated under conditions which cause the fuel mixture to burn instantaneously.
Term
Propane is used in a balloon fuel system because it
 Definition
provides natural pressure for fuel movement.
Term
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by
 Definition
the oil level being too low.
Term
Why should propane lines be bled after each use
 Definition
Heat may expand the propane and fracture the lines.
Term
Deviation error of the magnetic compass is caused by
 Definition
certain metals and electrical systems within the aircraft.
Term
The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the
 Definition
increase in air velocity in the throat of a venturi causing a decrease in air pressure.
Term
Which statement is true regarding preheating of an aircraft during cold weather operations?
 Definition
The cockpit, as well as the engine, should be preheated.
Term
What is absolute altitude?
 Definition
The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface.
Term
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if
 Definition
an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading.
Term
Prior to balloon flight on a cold, winter day, it may be necessary to preheat propane tanks because
 Definition
the temperature of liquid propane controls burner pressure during combustion.
Term
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as
 Definition
pre-ignition.
Term
The main rotor blades of a fully articulated rotor system can
 Definition
flap, drag, and feather independently.
Term
Adding more oil to the fuel than specified by the manufacturer of a 2-cycle engine will result in
 Definition
increased carbon buildup and engine fouling.
Term
If a pitot tube is clogged, which instrument would be affected?
 Definition
Airspeed indicator.
Term
Fuel/air ratio is the ratio between the
 Definition
weight of fuel and weight of air entering the cylinder.
Term
Combusted fuel is expelled from a 2-cycle engine through an
 Definition
exhaust port.
Term
While in flight, ice begins forming on the outside of the fuel tank in use. The could indicate
 Definition
a leak in the fuel line.
Term
The pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument?
 Definition
Airspeed indicator.
Term
On a multiengine airplane with engines which rotate clockwise, the critical engine is the
 Definition
left engine, because the right engine center of thrust is farther away from the centerline of the fuselage.
Term
The valve located on each tank that indicates the tank is filled to 80 percent capacity is the
 Definition
vapor-bleed valve.
Term
The amount of water absorbed in aviation fuels will
 Definition
increase as the temperature of the fuel decreases.
Term
Detonation occurs at high power settings when the
 Definition
fuel mixture explodes instead of burning progressively and evenly.
Term
If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be
 Definition
loss of RPM.
Term
To absorb maximum engine power and to develop maximum thrust, a constant-speed propeller should be adjusted to a blade angle which will produce a
 Definition
small angle of attack and high RPM
Term
An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would
 Definition
experience avionics equipment failure.
Term
What is an important airspeed limitation not color coded on aispeed indicators?
 Definition
Maneuvering speed.
Term
A possible result of using the emergency alternate source of static pressure inside the cabin of an unpressurized airplane is the
 Definition
altimeter may indicate an altitude higher than the actual altitude being flown.
Term
The critical engine on most light multiengine airplanes with clockwise rotating propellers is the
 Definition
left engine, because of the P-factor of the right propeller.
Term
How does temperature and weight affect the V(NE) of a helicopter?
 Definition
V(NE) decreases as temperature and weigh increase.
Term
Air cooled engines dissipate heat
 Definition
through cooling fins on the cylinder and head.
Term
Propeller slip is the difference between the
 Definition
geometric pitch and the effective pitch of the propeller.
Term
Why is nylon line best for tethering a balloon?
 Definition
It stretches under tension, but recovers to normal size when tension is removed, giving it excellent shock-absorbing qualities.
Term
When operating an aircraft with a constant-speed propeller, which procedure places the least stress on cylinder components?
 Definition
When power settings are being decreased, reduce manifold pressure before RPM.
Term
A standby source of fuel to an engine in a powered parachute is typically
 Definition
from an electrically powered pump.
Term
Coolant in a liquid cooled engine is normally circulated by
 Definition
an engine driven pump.
Term
What is the weight of propane?
 Definition
4.2 pounds per gallon.
Term
What precautions should be taken with respect to aircraft oxygen systems?
 Definition
Ensure that industrial oxygen has not been used to replenish the system.
Term
How should a balloon fuel system be checked for leaks prior to flight?
 Definition
Look, listen, and smell.
Term
If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than that specified, it may cause
 Definition
detonation.
Term
The main purpose of the mixture control is to
 Definition
adjust the fuel flow to obtain the proper air/fuel ratio.
Term
The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting
 Definition
a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.
Term
The advantage of total energy compensators is that this system
 Definition
reduces climb and dive errors on variometer indications caused by airspeed changes.
Term
To properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the
 Definition
fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps.
Term
What does the lower limit of the green arc on an airspeed indicator represent?
 Definition
Power-off stall speed in a specified configuration.
Term
Which statement is true about magnetic deviation of a compass?
 Definition
Deviation varies for different headings of the same aircraft.
Term
Detonation can be caused by
 Definition
using a lower grade of fuel than recommended.
Term
The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture control at altitude is to
 Definition
decrease the fuel flow to compensate for decreased air density.
Term
Carburetor ice can form
 Definition
when the outside air temperature is as high as 100 degrees F and the humidity is as low as 50%.
Term
What is the main reason fuel tank vents must be open? To allow
 Definition
proper air pressure within the tanks for maintaining a steady fuel flow.
Term
If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the engine
 Definition
could accidentally start if the propeller is moved with fuel in the cylinder.
Term
The first indication of carburetor ice in an aircraft with a fixed-pitch propeller is
 Definition
a decrease in RPM
Term
The rotor blade pitch angle is the acute angle between the blade chord line and the
 Definition
rotor plane of rotation.
Term
Which is true concerning total energy compensators?
 Definition
The instrument responds only to up and down air currents.
Term
A high-frequency vibration that suddenly occurs during flight could be an indication of a defective
 Definition
transmission
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