Term
| general characteristics of systemic mycoses: |
|
Definition
| deep mycoses affects internal organs and may disseminate to multiple sites of the body caused by pathogenic/opportunistic fungi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
histoplasma
blastomyces
coccidiodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. candida
2. cryptococcus
3. aspergillus
4. pneumocystis |
|
|
Term
| which are involved in systemic mycoses: |
|
Definition
histoplasmosis
blastomyces
coccidiomycosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| histoplasma capsulatum comes from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TEST Q: histoplasmosis is most endemic in: |
|
Definition
| Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi river valleys |
|
|
Term
| clinical findings in histoplasmosis: |
|
Definition
90% are asymptomatic!
3-14d post exposure:
F/C, HA, Malaise, mayalgia, arthralgia, erythema nodosum (5-10%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pneumonitis w hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| __-__% of histoplasmosis pts in endemic areas have ocular envolvement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the eye is affected in histoplasmosis |
|
Definition
| macula may lead to blindness |
|
|
Term
| what is the gold standard dx test for histoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the serum/urine tests for histoplasmosis. what are the problems with these tests? |
|
Definition
| antigen detection in serum/urine, not specific could also be blastomyces and coccidiodes |
|
|
Term
| how much of an increase in complement fixing antibodies suggests infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute = itraconazole, progressive disseminated = amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
| warm mosit soil of wooded areas rich in organic material = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who is most at risk for blastomyces |
|
Definition
| middle aged men w outdoor occupations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ohio and Mississippi river valleys and the Great Lakes area |
|
|
Term
| blastomyces is in a _____ form at body T |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major virulence factor of blastomyces: |
|
Definition
| thick cell wall prevents phagocytosis of yeast |
|
|
Term
| clinical findings of blastomyces acute infection |
|
Definition
mimic bacterial pneumonia or influenza
rapid onset of: F/C cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain |
|
|
Term
| CXR of blastomyces infections show: |
|
Definition
| alveolar infiltrates w consolidation |
|
|
Term
| cronic infection w blastomyces clinical findings |
|
Definition
| mimics malignance or TB; F/C, productive cough, hemoptysis, wt loss |
|
|
Term
| CXR of chronic blastomyces: |
|
Definition
| alveolar infiltrates, mass lesions, fibronodular infiltrates |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of blastomyces? |
|
Definition
| skin: 20-40% raised, verrous cutaneous lesions |
|
|
Term
| lab studies for blastomyces: |
|
Definition
| culture, microscopy, serum/urine Ag, and immunoassay for antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| itraconazole, then amphotracin B if itraconazole fails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sandy alkaline soil with incresed salinity = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOCATION of coccidioides: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the coccidioides infection is not cleared it turns into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary pulmonary infection of coccidioides clinical findings: |
|
Definition
asymptomatic in 60% of cases
mild illness 1-4 WEEKS after exposure
same Sx as other fungal infections |
|
|
Term
| which is assoc w spherules and endospores: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common findings in CXR of coccidioides: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no Tx for asymptomatic dz,
mild progressive dz = fluconazole
severe/progressive/extrapulmonary dz = amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CT scan shows ______ ________ in aspergillosis |
|
Definition
| halo sign[ area of ground glass infiltrate surrounding nodular densities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oral prednisone then itraconazole
surgical resection of fungal ball if Tx fails |
|
|
Term
| if aspergillosis desseminates to brain the mortality rate = |
|
Definition
|
|
