Term
| Describe the action of adrenergic drugs |
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Definition
| responses similar to those produced by activation of the sympathetic nervous system and/or its receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| action on specific receptor |
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Term
| Decribe the receptors in direct action |
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Definition
alpha 1: postsynaptic;
alpha 2: mostly presynaptic, some postsynaptic;
beta 1 and/or beta 2: postsynaptic |
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Term
| Describe indirect action on receptors |
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Definition
| effect on all receptors by releasing NE or preventing uptake of NE |
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Term
| Describe mixed action a on receptor |
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Definition
| effects all receptors that includes both direct and indirect actions |
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Term
| What are the catecholamine drugs? |
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Definition
| Norepinephrine (exog.), Epinephrine (exog.), Isoproterenol Dopamine (exog.), Dobutamine |
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Term
| What does norepinephrine direct on? |
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Definition
| direct on a1 and a2, less on some b1 |
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Term
| What does epinephrine direct on? |
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Definition
| direct on a1, a2, b1 and b2 |
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Term
| What does Isoproterenol direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Dopamine direct on? |
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Definition
| direct on a1, b1, b2, and DA receptors (renal vessels) |
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Term
| What does Dobutamine direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the non-catecholamine drugs? |
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Definition
| Phenylephrine, Tetrahydrozoline, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline, Ritodrine, Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Terbutaline |
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Term
| What does Phenylephrine direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Tetrahydrozoline direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Naphazoline direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Oxymetazoline direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Ritodrine direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Metaproterenol direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Albuterol direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Salbutamol direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Salmeterol direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Formoterol direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Terbutaline direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Clonidine direct on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What rec. does Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine have indirect on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What rec. does Amphetamine have indirect effect on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What receptor does cocaine have indirect effect on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What rec. does Tyramine have indirect effect on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does b2 agonist affect at higher dose? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does blood vessel react with a & b agonist? |
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Definition
low conc. – beta response
high conc.- alpha response |
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Term
| What effect does dopamine have on renal blood vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the basic structure of catecholamine? |
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Definition
Phenylethylamine
greatest activity: 2 C atoms separate from N;
3,4 HO: highest activity for alpha and beta; no or or poor penetration into CNS |
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Term
| What happens when Phenylethylamine loses 1 or 2 OH? |
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Definition
| decrease in a and b activities but still have indirect action |
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Term
| What happens when Phenylethylamine has no OH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which isomer type of catecholamine is potent in the periphery? |
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Definition
| L-isomer more potent than d in periphery |
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Term
| Which isomer type of catecholamine is potent in CNS? |
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Definition
| D-isomer more potent than L-isomer |
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Term
| What effect does N-alkylation have on catecholamine? |
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Definition
| Increase in alkyl groups on N results in increase in beta activity |
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Term
| What are catecholamines usually metabolized by? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are catecholamines introsuced inside patient's body? |
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Definition
| injection, infusion, inhalation, topical; some drugs can deteriorate if solution is exposed to air |
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Term
True or False
Catecholamines can cross BBB VERY WELL! |
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Definition
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Term
| How are non-catecholamine introduced in pateint's body? |
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Definition
| slower metabolism via various routes (one through MAO); injection, oral, inhalation |
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Term
| Which two non-catecholamines can cross BBB? Why? |
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Definition
| Amphetamine and Ephedrine because they don't have OH groups; this produce CNS stimulation |
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Term
| Describe cardiologic response when Epi is injected? |
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Definition
1: b1 - increase in contractility, heart rate
a1 - increase in PR (vessel constriction)
2: metabolism, excretion lowers drug levels BP
3: b2 – low dose vasodilation, decrease in PR
4: metabolism, excretion eliminates drug |
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Term
| In blood vessel, how does a1 affected PR and BP? |
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Definition
| ↑ peripheral resistance – ↑ diastolic pressure |
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Term
| In blood vessel, how does b2 affect PR and BP? |
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Definition
| ↓ peripheral resistance - ↓ diastolic pressure |
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Term
| How does b1 receptor affect the heart? |
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Definition
| ↑ cardiac output – ↑ systolic pressure |
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Term
| What is the overall effect on vascular with adrenergic Drug? |
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Definition
| constriction of peripheral blood vessels |
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Term
| What are the application of adrenergic drug in terms of vascular effect? |
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Definition
| Decongest "stuffy" nose during cold, allergy, stop superficial bleeding, with local anesthetics |
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Term
| What is the overall effect on cardiovascular with adrenergic drug? |
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Definition
| vasoconstriction and/or heart stimulation |
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Term
| What are the application for adrenergic drug in terms of cardiovascular? |
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Definition
| Hypotension, Shock, Congestive heart failure, Cardiac arrest |
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Term
| What are the application for adrenergic drug in terms of bronchodilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does adrenergic drug have on ocular? |
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Definition
| dilation of pupils, vasoconstriction, lowering of IOP |
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Term
| What is the application of adrenergic drug in terms of ocular effect? |
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Definition
| Eye examination, Blanching, irritation, Glaucoma |
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Term
| What is the application of adrenergic effects on uterus? |
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Definition
| Reduction of premature contractions |
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Term
What is the application of adrenergic drug on CNS? |
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Definition
| Narcolepsy, Obesity, Attention Deficit Syndrome |
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