Term
| What did the Supreme Court rule in the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson? |
|
Definition
| "Separate but equal" facilities were constituional |
|
|
Term
| At the end of Reconstruction, what methods did Southern whites use to disenfranchise African-Americans? |
|
Definition
grandfather clauses
poll taxes
economic intimidation
literacy requirements |
|
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Term
| What action did the Pendleton Act require appointees to public office take? |
|
Definition
| Take a competitive examination |
|
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Term
| What were the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892? |
|
Definition
Immigration restrictions
Free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ration of 16 to 1
Government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph
A one term limit on the presidency |
|
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Term
| In the late nineteenth century, the Republican party was associated with what cultural values? |
|
Definition
Puritanism
Personal morality
Community Welfare
Active government regulation |
|
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Term
| What internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States? |
|
Definition
The disintegration of the Chinese Empire
The intrusion of European powers
Internal political turmoil
The seizure of farmland by landlords |
|
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Term
| What was the greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first federal regulatory agancy designed to protect the public interest from business combinations? |
|
Definition
| Interstate Commerce Commission |
|
|
Term
| To provide workers with job security, what reforms were introduced? |
|
Definition
Temporary unemployment compensation
Job Protection
Safety and health codes
Wage protection |
|
|
Term
| Railroading in the late nineteenth century provided a significant stimulus to what areas of life? |
|
Definition
Agriculture
Urbanization
Immigration
Industrialization |
|
|
Term
| What factors promoted the growth of manufacturing in post-Civil War America? |
|
Definition
Plentiful cheap labor
Available investment capital
Effective government planning
Massive immigration
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|
|
Term
| What resulted from the changes in the national economy in late nineteenth-century America? |
|
Definition
A decline in agriculture relative to manufacturing
Sharper class distinctions
A movement of women into the work force |
|
|
Term
| What region offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What religious denomination responded most favorably to the New Immigration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened to education during the post-Civil War Era? |
|
Definition
| An increase in compulsory school-attendance laws |
|
|
Term
| What argument was used by advocates for women's suffrage in 1900? |
|
Definition
| Argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world |
|
|
Term
| Describe American cities in 1900. |
|
Definition
Heavily populated
Segregated by race and ethnic group
Segregated by occupation |
|
|
Term
| What effects did native-born Amercians tend to blame New Immigrants for? |
|
Definition
The corruption of city government
Low industrial wages
The degradation of life in American cities
Importing alien social and economic beliefs |
|
|
Term
| How was the buffalo nearly exterminated? |
|
Definition
| Through wholesale butchery by whites |
|
|
Term
| How did the Homestead Act administer public land? |
|
Definition
| By promoting frontier settlement |
|
|
Term
| In the decades after the Civil War, what happened to American farmers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the "Granger Laws" do for farmers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors led to the defeat of the plains Indians? |
|
Definition
The arrival of the railroads in the West
Disease
Near-exterimination of the buffalo
Warfare with the U.S. army |
|
|
Term
| What led to the decline of the long drive and the cattle boom? |
|
Definition
The settlement of homesteading farmers on range land
A series of extraordinarily severe winters
Overgrazing and overproduction
Barbed-wire fencing |
|
|
Term
| What did the Cuban insurrectos do in an attempt to persuade Spain to leave Cuba or to encourage the United States to help Cuba gain its independence? |
|
Definition
| Burned the cane fields and sugar mills |
|
|
Term
| What was one of the most controversial events associated with the Spanish-American War? |
|
Definition
| Acquistion of the Philippines |
|
|
Term
| What areas became possessions of the United States under the provisions of the Treaty of Paris? |
|
Definition
The Philippine Islands
Puerto Rico
Manila
Guam |
|
|
Term
| How did President McKinley justify American acquistion of the Philippines? |
|
Definition
| By saying there was no acceptable alternative to their acquisition |
|
|
Term
| What were the results of the United States acquiring the Philippine Islands at the end of the Spanish-American War? |
|
Definition
Became a full-fledged East Asian power
Developed popular support for a big navy
Assumed commitments that would be difficult to defend
Assumed rule over millions of Asian people |
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of America's initial Open Door policy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of China's Boxer Rebellion? |
|
Definition
| Throw out or kill all foreigners |
|
|
Term
| What was the motivation for construction of an isthmian canal? |
|
Definition
| A desire to imporve the defense of the U.S. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the British give up their opposition to an American-controlled isthmian canal? |
|
Definition
| They confronted an unfriendly Europe and were bogged down in the Boer War |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Columbian senate reject the treaty with the United States for a canal? |
|
Definition
| The United States was not paying the Columbian government enough money |
|
|
Term
| During the building of the Panama Canal, what difficulties were encountered? |
|
Definition
Labor troubles
Yellow fever
Landslides
Poor sanitation |
|
|
Term
| What two threats did the progressives want to curb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the progressives propose in order to regain the power that the people had lost to the "interests?" |
|
Definition
Referendum
Recall
Initiative
Direct election of U.S. senators |
|
|
Term
| What issues were adressed by women in the progressive movement? |
|
Definition
Insuring that food products were healthy and safe
Creating pensions for mothers with dependent children
Preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops
Attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements |
|
|
Term
| What did the Elkins and Hepburn acts deal with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally, progressives believed that there was too much... |
|
Definition
Political corruption
Business monopoly
Social injustice
|
|
|
Term
| What political reform proposals did progressives usually support? |
|
Definition
The intiative, referendum, and recall
The Australian ballot
Woman suffrage
Direct election fo senators
Campaign spending controls |
|
|
Term
| Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, what document did Samuel Gompers call the "labor's Magna Carta"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Woodrow Wilson show the limits of his progressivism? |
|
Definition
| By accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy |
|
|
Term
| What caused the Progressive "Bull Moose" party to die out? |
|
Definition
| Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1916 |
|
|
Term
| What group supported Woodrow Wilson when he won the reelection in 1916? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the "triple wall of privilege" that Woodrow Wilson launched an attack against? |
|
Definition
High tariffs
Powerful trusts
Conservative banking practices |
|
|
Term
| President Wilson viewed America's entry into WWI as an opportunity for the U.S. to take what action? |
|
Definition
| to shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy |
|
|
Term
| What were the 18th and 19th amendments? |
|
Definition
18th- prohibition
19th- women's suffrage |
|
|
Term
| In an effort to make economic mobilization more efficient during WWI, the federal government took over and operated what business? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was one unique feature of the United States armed forces during World War I? |
|
Definition
| the entry of women for the first time |
|
|
Term
| What was the result of Russia's withdrawal from WWI in 1918? |
|
Definition
| The release of thousands of German troops for deployment on the front in France |
|
|
Term
| The Germans were eventually demoralized by what action? |
|
Definition
| The United States' troop reserves |
|
|
Term
| Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following: |
|
Definition
Restrict immigration
Denounce "radical" foreign ideas
Shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries
Condemn "un-American" life-styles |
|
|
Term
| Why were immigration restrictions introduced in the 1920s? |
|
Definition
| The nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans |
|
|
Term
| What was the main problem faced by American manufacturers in the 1920s? |
|
Definition
| Developing a market of people to buy their products |
|
|
Term
| What was one of the results of the prosperity that developed in the 1920s? |
|
Definition
| Accumulation of a cloud of debt |
|
|
Term
| What did the 1920 census reveal about American life? |
|
Definition
| Most Americans lived in cities for the first time |
|
|
Term
| What actions manifested the postwar anxiety and intolerance of Americans in the 1920s? |
|
Definition
Sacco-Vanzetti case
Scopes trial
Resurgence of the KKK
Immigration Act of 1924
Deportation of radicals to Russia |
|
|
Term
Who were the intended beneficiaries of the Mcnary-Haugen Bill?
of the Norris-LaGuardia Act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In America, what was one result of the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
| A decade-long decline in the birthrate |
|
|
Term
| What actions did President Herbert Hoover believe would end the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
Directly assisting businesses and banks
Lending funds to feed farm livestock
Continuing to rely on the American tradition of rugged individualism
Keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial system |
|
|
Term
| What was President Hoover's approach to the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
| Adopt unprecedented federal initiatives to combat it |
|
|
Term
| What was the response to the League of Nation's investigation into Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the causes of the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
Agricultural overproduction
Unequal distribution of wealth
Overextension of credit
Anemic foreign trade
Farm disasters and debt |
|
|
Term
The Works Progress Administration was a major relief program of the New Deal.
The Public Works Adminstration was a long-range recovery program.
The Social Security Act was a major reform program. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gain national popularity? |
|
Definition
| By promising to give every family $5000 |
|
|
Term
| What was the primary interest of the Congress of Industrial Organizations? |
|
Definition
| The organization of all workers within an industry |
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of President Roosevelt's "Court-packing" scheme in 1937? |
|
Definition
| To make the Supreme Court more sympathetic to New Deal programs. |
|
|
Term
| What was one result of the 1937 "Roosevelt recession"? |
|
Definition
| Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics |
|
|
Term
| Describe the National Recovery Act. |
|
Definition
Formally guaranteed labor's right to organize and bargain collectively
Outlawed "yellow dog" contracts
Was declared unconstitutional in the Schecter case
Provided for maximum hours and minimum wages |
|
|
Term
| What was one reason Roosevelt recognized the Soviet Union? |
|
Definition
| Hoped to develop a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany |
|
|
Term
| What did President Roosevelt do as part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America? |
|
Definition
| Withdrew American marines from Haiti |
|
|
Term
| Throuought most of the 1930s, how did the American people respond to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan? |
|
Definition
| By retreating further into isolationism |
|
|
Term
| What did the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulate that Americans do when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war? |
|
Definition
| Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations |
|
|
Term
| What did the United States do when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941? |
|
Definition
| made lend-lease available to the Soviets |
|
|
Term
| At the Atlantic Conference, what principles did President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill agree on? |
|
Definition
National Self-determination
Disarmament
Collective security
A future international organization |
|
|
Term
| What was one of President Roosevelt's actions after WWII began for the United States after 1941? |
|
Definition
| Decided to concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war on hold |
|
|
Term
| What was one of the main reasons the majority of women workers left the labor force at the end of WWII? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the northward migration of African-Americans accelerate after WWII? |
|
Definition
| Mechanical cotton pickers came into use |
|
|
Term
| During what period did the national debt increase the most? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the impact of the Italian front on WWII? |
|
Definition
| Delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe |
|
|
Term
| Describe the qualities of the American participation in WWII. |
|
Definition
The preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction from the air
The maintenance and re-affirmation of the strength of American democracry
An enormously effective effort in producing weapons and supplies
A group of highly effective military and political leaders |
|
|
Term
| What did Americans fear would happen at the end of WWII? |
|
Definition
| A return of the Depression |
|
|
Term
| How did the Taft-Hartley Act deliver a major blow to labor? |
|
Definition
| Outlawing the "closed" (all-union) shops |
|
|
Term
| In an effort to forestall an economic downturn, what did the Truman administration do? |
|
Definition
1. Pass the Employment Act, which made it government policy to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power
2. Create the President's Council of Economic Advisors
3. Sell War factories and other government installations to private businesses at very low prices
4. Pass the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, known as the GI Bill of Rights |
|
|
Term
| What was the pattern of population distribution after WWII? |
|
Definition
| An urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major cities |
|
|
Term
| When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948, how did President Truman respond? |
|
Definition
| By organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A massive increase in military spending |
|
|
Term
| What 1954 Supreme Court case ruled that racially segregated school systems were "inherently unequal?" |
|
Definition
| Brown v. Board of Education |
|
|
Term
| What was Dwight Eisenhower's policy toward Native Americans? |
|
Definition
| A return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 |
|
|
Term
| What did the bracero program between the United States and Mexico involve? |
|
Definition
| legally importing Mexican farm workers to the United States |
|
|
Term
| What was the importance of the Suez crisis to the United States? |
|
Definition
| Last time the US could use its "oil weapon" to make foreign policy demands |
|
|
Term
| In the 1950s, what was the key to economic growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was there a rapid upsurge in the employment of women after 1945? |
|
Definition
| the expansion of the service sector |
|
|
Term
| In the early 1960's, as leader of France, Charles De Gualle... |
|
Definition
| Feared American control over European affairs |
|
|
Term
| What was the result of the passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution? |
|
Definition
| Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam |
|
|
Term
| What was a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965? |
|
Definition
| Sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia |
|
|
Term
| What did the slogan of the Black Power stand for? |
|
Definition
Exercising their political and economic rights
Emphasizing African-American distinctiveness
Black control of black communities
Pride in black identity culture |
|
|
Term
| What were the consequences of the Cuban missile crisis? |
|
Definition
A nuclear test-ban treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union
The installation of a Moscow-Washington "hot-line" for crisis communication
A massive military arms-building program in the Soviet Union |
|
|
Term
| What groups opposed America's commitment to Vietnam between 1965 and 1968? |
|
Definition
America's European allies
Congress
The American public
Many draft registrants |
|
|
Term
| By the early 1970s, what caused the post-WWII economic boom? |
|
Definition
The economic recovery of Japan and Germany
The Vietnam War
A decline in the competitive advantage of American business
A slump in productivity |
|
|
Term
| What caused the high inflation rate in the 1970s? |
|
Definition
| Lyndon Johnson's refusal to raise taxes for spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War |
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of the Pentagon Papers, published in 1971? |
|
Definition
| Exposed the deception that had led to the United States into the Vietnam War |
|
|
Term
| What did President Richard Nixon do to control creeping inflation in the early 1970s? |
|
Definition
| Imposed a ninety-day wage and price freeze |
|
|
Term
| In an effort to counter OPEC, what did the United States take the lead in forming? |
|
Definition
| The International Energy Agency |
|
|
Term
| What did the people of the United States provide for South Vietnam? |
|
Definition
Enough time to win
Hundreds of Thousands of US troops
The most sophisticated aircraft
Enough money to build its own military |
|
|
Term
| What did the neoconservatives of the 1980s believe in? |
|
Definition
Strengthening the white working class
A return to the traditional values of individualism and the centrality of the family
Fewer government restraints on the economy
Free-market capitalism |
|
|
Term
| What did the "Sagebrush Rebellion", a fiercely anti-Washington movement, protest? |
|
Definition
| Federal control over rich mineral and timber resources in the western states |
|
|
Term
| What was Ronald Reagan's major goal as president? |
|
Definition
| reduce the size of the federal government |
|
|
Term
| When did the greatest increase in the national debt occur? |
|
Definition
| During Ronald Reagan's eight years in office |
|
|
Term
| What were the decisions of the Supreme Court cases of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood v. Casey? |
|
Definition
| Permitted states to place some restrictions on abortion |
|
|
Term
| In response to the collapse of the Soviet union, what was the purpose of President George Bush's "new world order"? |
|
Definition
| Democracy would reign supreme and diplomacy would replace weaponry |
|
|
Term
| What group was most profoundly affected by the great economic changes of the late twentieth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the Hispanic immigrant population maintain their language and culture better than most previous immigrant groups? |
|
Definition
| large numbers and geographic concentration |
|
|
Term
| By the 1990s, the foreign-born population accounted for what percentage of the United States' population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the most populous group of Latinos in the United States come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long did America's "urban age", when a majority of the population lived in cities rather than in rural areas, small towns, or suburbs, last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the reasons that Mexican immigrants were for a long time slow to become American citizens? |
|
Definition
It was often considered a badge of dishonor to adopt American Citizenship
The Mexican government actively discouraged Mexicans from taking US citizenship
Most lived very close to Mexico and remained identified with that country
Many returned frequently to Mexico to visit home and family there |
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