Term
| Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is usually about 350 ml/min |
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Definition
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Term
| Na+ is the most abundant cation in the ECF |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most reabsorption occurs in the collecting duct |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased blood pressure can lead to an increase in renin release |
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Definition
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Term
| Reabsorption by nephrons involves only active transport |
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Definition
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Term
| In quiet breathing, inspiration is passive and expiration is active |
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Definition
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Term
| The afferent arteriole leading to a glomerulus has a smaller diameter than the efferent arteriole leaving a glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
| In the atmosphere, the partial pressure of nitrogen gas is greater than that of oxygen gas |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal range for plasma bicarbonate is 35-45 |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal range for arterial PCO is 80-100 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal range for blood |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal range for bicarbonate |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the normal range for PCO |
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Definition
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Term
| consequence of destruction of type 2 alveolar cells |
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Definition
| alveolar surface tension would increase |
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Term
| a decline in plasma pH and a rise in PaCO2 due to chronic bronchitis would indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidneys can raise plasma pH by |
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Definition
| increasing secretion of H+ ions and increasing bicarbonate reabsorption |
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Term
| the lungs follow the movements of the thoracic wall because |
|
Definition
| the surface tension of the pleural fluid in the pleural cavity |
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Term
| holding one's breath causes |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood primarily |
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Definition
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Term
| Afferent arteriole constricts, glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| lung compliance decreases, tidal volume |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bronchioles dilate, airway resistance |
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Definition
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|
Term
| glomerular hydrostatic pressure increases, net filtration |
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Definition
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|
Term
| SMOKE CIGARETTES --> lung compliance |
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Definition
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Term
| diaphragm and external intercostals contract, atmospheric pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| angiotensin II levels increase, blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Reabsorption of nutrients, vitamins |
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Definition
| proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| active transport of sodium, water impermeable |
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Definition
| ascending limb of Loop of Henle |
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Term
| passively permeable to water only |
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Definition
| descending limb of loop of henle |
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Term
| liquid enters to be filtrated |
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Definition
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|
Term
| collect urine from many different nephrons |
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Definition
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|
Term
| central chemoreceptors involved in regulating ventilation are located |
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Definition
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|
Term
| concentration in the blood is decreased by hyperventilation |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in the bowman's capsule |
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Definition
glucose, sodium, H+ ions, amino acids
NOT BLOOD CELLS |
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Term
| MAP increases --- what keeps the GFR from also increasing |
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Definition
| afferent arterioles reflexively constrict |
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|
Term
| higher temperature + decreased pH in metabolizing tissues = |
|
Definition
| lead to a decreased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity |
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Term
| 3 main factors affecting pulmonary ventilation |
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Definition
| airway resistance, alveolar surface tension, lung compliance |
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Term
| function of the renin-angiotensin system |
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Definition
| help maintain systemic blood pressure |
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Term
| amount of air breathed in or out with each breath |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in order for expiration to occur |
|
Definition
| intrapulmonary pressure must increase |
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|
Term
| chemical influence on ventilation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| pressure changes in inspiration |
|
Definition
just before inspiration: intrapulmonary=atmospheric pressure (760)
intrapulmonary P < atm P
air flows until intrapulmonary P is 0 |
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|
Term
| pressure changes in expiration |
|
Definition
intrapulmonary P = atm P
for air to flow out intrapulmonary P > atm P |
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|
Term
| muscles involved in ventilation |
|
Definition
| diaphragm, external intercostals |
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|
Term
| factors influencing in ventilation |
|
Definition
1. Intrapulmonary pressure > Intrapleural pressure
2. Surface tension of pleural fluid
3. Airway resistance
4. alveolar surface tension
5. compliance |
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Term
|
Definition
| The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one normal breath |
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|
Term
| inspiratory reserve volume |
|
Definition
| maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation |
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|
Term
| expiratory reserve volume |
|
Definition
| maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation |
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Term
|
Definition
| amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| maximum volume of air expelled after a maximum inhalation |
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Term
|
Definition
| value of a gas in liquid determines how much of that gas is dissolved |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
dissolved in plasma
attached to hemoglobin
MOST transported as bicarbonate ions
Diffuses FROM TISSUES into PLASMA |
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Term
|
Definition
| diffuses from BLOOD into tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| CO2 + H2o --> H2CO3 --> H+ + HCO3 |
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|
Term
| factors affecting Hb-O2 affinity |
|
Definition
Plasma PO2
Plasma PCO2
Plasma pH
Temperature |
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|
Term
| chemical influences on ventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| send impulses to respiratory centers in medulla to regulate activity of phrenic and intercostal nerves to innervate diaphragm and external intercostals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
glomerular filtration rate
total amount filtrate formed by kidneys/minute 120-125 ml/min
(speed of the conveyor belt) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
renal autoregulation -- changing the diameter of afferent arterioles
neural and hormonal mechanisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| increases Na+ reabsorption in collecting duct -- increased plasma Na+ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| decreases Na+ reabsorption in collecting ducts (decrease plasma Na+) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| promotes water reabsorption in collecting duct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases Ca+ reabsorption by DCT. increase in plasma calcium |
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|
Term
| driving force for filtration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forces determine net filtration pressure |
|
Definition
| oncotic pressure, glomerular hydrostatic pressure, capsular hydrostatic pressure |
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