Term
| What does proper surgical attire include? |
|
Definition
| Scrubs, scrub cover, head cover, shoe covers, certain shoes, masks, and nonsterile gloves. |
|
|
Term
| What type of scrubs must the OR technologist change into? And what is the appropriate way to wear them? |
|
Definition
OR technologist must change into approved surgical scrubs. They should be made of a low-linting material that minimizes bacterial shedding.
Two peice scrubs should fit properly with the top tucked into the waist. Pant legs of bottom must not drag the floor. Scrubs must be changed following the procedure and before the wearer reenters the surgical suite if soiled with blood, perspiration, or food. |
|
|
Term
| What are scrub covers and what are they designed for? |
|
Definition
They are button-up or snapped covers worn between procedures. They are designed to prevent soiling or cross contamination of the scrubs while the tech is outside the surgical suite.
They must be removed before reentering the surgical suite. |
|
|
Term
| When must a head cover be worn? Which types are preferred? |
|
Definition
Worn before entry into a surgical area.
The bouffant and hood types are preferred b/c they cover the head the best.
They must be disgarded immediatley after use and changed for each procedure. |
|
|
Term
| Why are shoe covers worn? When must they be changed? And where should they be worn? |
|
Definition
They are worn to keep the shoes, clean and decrease the quantity of soil and bacteria tracked into the surgical suite.
They must be changed if they become soiled and torn.
They should be worn in the surgery suite and presurgical and recovery areas. |
|
|
Term
| What types of shoes must NOT be worn? And what types of shoes should be worn? |
|
Definition
No soft cloth shoes should be worn.
A durable shoe with plenty of support and a closed toe and heel should be worn. |
|
|
Term
| Why must a surgical mask be worn? |
|
Definition
| To reduce the dispersal of microbial droplets from the tech during surgery; also it will reduce the risk that pathogenic organisms present in the surgical suite may be inhaled by the tech. |
|
|
Term
| When must nonsterile gloves be worn? |
|
Definition
| When handling contaminated IRs or soiled IR covers, and also when cleaning equipment after procedures. |
|
|
Term
| Although most surgical equipment remains in the surgical area, what must be done? |
|
Definition
| They must be cleaned and checked frequently. |
|
|
Term
| What must be done to the equipment before the surgical procedure? and why? |
|
Definition
| Tech is required to check and make sure the equipment is operational b/c there is no time to troubleshoot or fix problems once the procedure has begun. |
|
|
Term
| When should the portable C-arm equipment be cleaned? |
|
Definition
| Before and after it is used in the surgical area. Use a liquid type cleaner instead of an aerosol. |
|
|
Term
| What is important for the tech to do for all personnel during mobile imaging? |
|
Definition
- Provide adequate number of lead aprons for all personnel.
- Wear thyroid shield.
- Secure aprons tightly to prevent them from touching sterile field or personnel (clip them).
- Clean aprons weekly or as needed with a liquid cleaner.
- Intermittently check aprons for cracks in the lead lining, you are able to fluoro the apron and see the cracks.
|
|
|
Term
| How do you use intermittent fluoroscopy? |
|
Definition
- Use single exposure capacity to greatly reduce fluoroscopy time.
- Use "image hold" feature to allow the last image to remain on the monitor.
- Also watch the surgeon and if he/she is looking away, DO NOT FLUORO!!
|
|
|
Term
| What does the "boost" feature do on a C-arm? |
|
Definition
- It provides an improved and brighter image for patient with a larger body habitus, or thick anatomy.
- It also increases radiation, which also increases exposure to the patient and surrounding surgical team by a factor of three to four times.
- USE BOOST FEATURE ONLY WHEN YOU ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO!
|
|
|
Term
| To coordinate the exposure with the surgical team, a tech must do what before initiating an exposure and why? |
|
Definition
| The tech must clearly announce "x-ray" or "x-ray on" before initiating an exposure to allow nonessential staff to leave the area or get behind lead shields. |
|
|
Term
| Techs who frequently perform C-arm procedures should closely monitor what? |
|
Definition
| Their personal dosimetry report. |
|
|
Term
| What does each department have, in regards to radiation protection, and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| Each dept. has a radiation saftey officer that techs can discuss strategies to reduce dose levels if their levels where high. |
|
|
Term
| What is an operative/immediate cholangiogram used to see? |
|
Definition
| To see the anatomy of the biliary ductal system, drainage into the duodenum, and any residual stones in the biliary ducts. |
|
|
Term
| What is a reason why a surgeon would what to do this procedure? |
|
Definition
| The patient may have a history of gallstones and the surgeon may be concerned about residual stones remaining undetected in one of the biliary ducts. |
|
|
Term
| What does the surgeon place into the biliary ducts? |
|
Definition
| A small catheter and injects iodinated contrast media into the ducts. |
|
|
Term
| How much iodinated contrast media is injected into the biliary ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is iodinated contrast media considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When doing a cholangiogram, where is the C-arm centered? |
|
Definition
| It's centered over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. |
|
|
Term
| What is retrograde urography? |
|
Definition
| It's a nonfunctional exam of the urinary system during which contrast medium is introduced directly retrograde into the pelvicalyceal system via catheterization by a urologist during a minor surgical procedure. |
|
|
Term
| What does retrograde mean? |
|
Definition
| means backward, against the flow. |
|
|
Term
| What does nonfunctional mean? |
|
Definition
| Nothing in the patient's body is required to be working to inject the contrast medium retrograde. Nothing of the normal physiological processes are involved. |
|
|
Term
| What's a pylogram, referring to last picture? |
|
Definition
It's on the right side with the catheter in place.
It's a urologic procedure where the physician injects contrast into the ureter in order to visualize the ureter and kidney. The flow of contrast (up from the bladder to the kidney) is opposite the usual flow of urine, hence the retrograde name. |
|
|
Term
| What is a ureterogram, referring to the picture? |
|
Definition
On the left side, where the catheter has been withdrawn.
X-ray photograph of the ureters after injection of a radiopaque substance |
|
|
Term
| Why are orthopedic procedures performed? |
|
Definition
| To reestablish the length, shape, and alignment of fractured bones and joints or to restore function and range of motion of joints affected by trauma or disease. |
|
|
Term
| What is closed reduction? |
|
Definition
| Fracture fragments are realigned by manipulation and are immobilized by a cast or splint. It's a nonsurgical procedure. The fracture site is not cut open during procedure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It's for severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation, a surgical procedure is required. The fracture site is exposed, and a variety of screws, plates, or rods are inserted as needed to maintain alignment of the bony fragments until new bone growth can take place.
|
|
|
Term
| What is the surgical procedure called that requires open surgery and insertion of screws, rods, and plates? |
|
Definition
| Open Reduction with Internal Fixation (ORIF) |
|
|
Term
| What's external fixation? |
|
Definition
| The use of an external fracture-stabilizing device permits bone healing without the immediate requirement for internal fixation procedures. |
|
|
Term
| What are some indications for external fixiation? |
|
Definition
| Severe open fractures, comminuted closed fractures, arthrodesis, infected joints, and major alignment and length deficits. |
|
|
Term
| What are intramedullary fixation? |
|
Definition
| These are rods and nails that are inserted within the shaft of long bones to stabilize fractures. |
|
|
Term
[image]
What position is the C-arm in? What is the plastic seperator? And what does this plastic seperator mean? |
|
Definition
The C-arm is in the PA projection position with the intensifier on bottom and the tube on top.
The plastic is called a shower curtain and these normally represent a hip or intramedullary rod insertion. |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this a picture of? And what position is it in? |
|
Definition
| A hip pinning and it's in the AP position. |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this a picture of and what position is it in? |
|
Definition
| It's a picture of a hip pinning and the leg is in the lateral position. |
|
|
Term
| What is usually not required for total hip replacement surgery? |
|
Definition
| Usually C-arm fluoroscopy or mobile radiography is not required. |
|
|
Term
| Where are postoperative images taken of a total hip replacement and with what machine? |
|
Definition
| Usually taken in the recovery room with the mobile radiography unit. |
|
|
Term
| What is total hip replacement called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does arthroplasty mean exactly? |
|
Definition
| A prosthetic hip may be required to return normal function to the patient. |
|
|
Term
| What are intermedullary nails or rods used for? |
|
Definition
| For the femoral, tibial, and humerus shaft fractures. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for a surgical procedure of the spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Laminectomy exactly? |
|
Definition
| It's a surgical procedure that is performed to alleviate pain caused by neural impingement. |
|
|
Term
| What is a Laminectomy surgery designed to do? |
|
Definition
| To remove a small portion of the bone or herniated disk material impinging on the nerve root. |
|
|
Term
| What is vertebroplasty? And what does it involve? |
|
Definition
It's an OR procedure that provides stability and pain relief to patients with vertebral compression fractures.
The procedure involves the introduction of orthopedic (acrylic) cement directly into the affected vertebrae. |
|
|
Term
| What is kyphoplasty? and what does this involve, the difference between kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty? |
|
Definition
It's a more recent modification of the vertebroplasty procedure in which a balloon is first inserted into the collapsed vertebrae. The balloon is then inflated, which expands and restores the collapsed portion of the vertebrae, after which acrylic cement is injected to stabilize the vertebrae.
The difference is the balloon. |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this a picture of? |
|
Definition
| A Harrington rood in place. |
|
|
Term
| How is a pacemaker inserted and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| An insulated wire called a lead is inserted into an incision above the collarbone and is guided through a large vein into the chambers of the heart. These electrodes stimulate the heart muscle, causing it to beat at a predetermined rate. This is called pacing of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| How is the electrode inserted for a pacemaker and where does it end up? |
|
Definition
| Under fluoroscopic guidance, the electrode is advanced into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, and into the right ventricle. The tip of the electrode is advanced until it reaches the right ventricular apex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creation of an artificial joint to correct ankylosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A state of sterility; condition in which living pathogens are absent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgical removal of gallbladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Procedure in which bone fragments are reduced manually without surgical intervention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduction of fracture fragments through surgical intervention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Open Reduction with Internal Fixation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nonfunctional exam of the urinary system during which contrst medium is introduced directly retrograde into the pelvicalyceal system via catheterization by a urologist during a minor surgical procedure. |
|
|
Term
| What's a Shower Curtain and when is usually used? |
|
Definition
| An isolation drape that separates the sterile field from the nonsterile environment; often used to premit the use of C-arm fluroscopy during hip pinning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total hip replacement/total hip appliance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total knee replacement/total knee appliance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of putting a limb, bone, or group of muscles under tension with the use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize the part. |
|
|