Term
| Where is a mallory weiss tear located? |
|
Definition
| gastroesophageal junction |
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factor for mallory weiss tear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcoholic pt after binge drinking-first vomit food and gastric contents followed by forceful retching and bloody vomitus, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic test of choice for Mallory Weiss Tear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for Mallory Weiss tear? |
|
Definition
| endoscopic hemostatic therapy |
|
|
Term
| When is surgery indicated for mallory weiss tear? |
|
Definition
| when endosopic managment fails |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of esophageal cancer? |
|
Definition
| SCC - seen with alcohol and tobacco use |
|
|
Term
| Which esophageal cancer is seen in patients with chronic reflux? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dysphagia, weight loss, hoarseness, tracheoesophageal fistula, recurrent aspiration and possible symptoms of metastatic ds, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test is diagnostic for esophageal carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Apple core lesion on barium swallow is indicative of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common malignant tumor of esophagus in African American males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common symptom of an esophageal stricture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic study for stricture? |
|
Definition
| Endoscopy with biopsy to differentiate peptic stricture |
|
|
Term
| Presenting symptoms for stricture? |
|
Definition
| dysphagia of solids or liquids, heartburn |
|
|
Term
| Tx for esophageal stricture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common symptom associated with esophageal varices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main predisposing factor to esophageal varices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main complication of esophageal varices? |
|
Definition
| blood loss leading to hypovolemia leading to shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emergent endoscopy and hemostasis, as well as FFP or platelets |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of gastric carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common symptoms of gastric carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| weight loss, anemia, anorexia, GI upset |
|
|
Term
| tx for gastric carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mucosal tear at the gastroesophageal junction is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to discontinuation of drinking alcohol, what else is reccomended for treatment of alcoholic cirrosis? |
|
Definition
| fold acid and supportive measures for iron and electrolyte defiency |
|
|
Term
| endoscopy should be preformed if patient doesn't respond to PPI within how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After curative colorectal cancer surgery, how often should one have subsequent exams? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Incubation period for hepatitis B is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic study of choice for cholelithiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| faint blue abdominal discoloration indicative of retroperitoneal bleeding, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gnawing, dull, aching, or hunger-like epigastric pain is consistent with what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two most common causes of PUD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of LBO in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of gallstone in the US is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which population has the highest incidence of gallstones in the country? |
|
Definition
| native americans before 60 YO |
|
|
Term
| What is the best description of pathology of acute cholecystitis? |
|
Definition
| sustained obstruction of the cystic duct with inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Patient presents with midepigastric pain, weight loss, jaundice, on examination he is icteric. On palpation of abdomen you find a distended non-tended gallbladder, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are findings on an abdominal ultrasound consistent with choledocolithiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organ is most commonly injured as a result of blunt abdominal trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 73 YO jaundiced female is noted to have a posthepatic obstruction on ultrasound, what is the best test to evaluate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is charcots triad and what does it refer to? |
|
Definition
| fever, RUQ, jaundice - ascending cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis? |
|
Definition
| laprascopic cholecystectomy |
|
|
Term
| Pt presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, pain has been present for 8 hours, N/V, WBC of 14, and serum amylase of 500, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What criteria is used to triage patients with acute pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common complication associated with chronic pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What exam finding is associated with Couvoisier's sign? |
|
Definition
| Palpable, non-tender gallbladder |
|
|
Term
| What is an appropriate screening test for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Initial tx of choice for patients with portal hypertension? |
|
Definition
| diuretics and sodium restriction |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important factor in determining overall survival rates with patients with breast cancer? |
|
Definition
| axillary lymph node status |
|
|
Term
| Chronic intestinal ischemia is most likely to have abdominal pain that is associted with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 22 YO obese white female is seen with c/o breast mass in UOQ of left breast, lesion is smooth firm, and freely movable, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of hernia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most appropriate screening tool for AAA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common site of an arterial occlusion due to embolic disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient presetns with acute onset of severe abdominal pain radiating to the back, prior history of knawing epigastric pain which was previously relieved by antacids, with rebound and guarding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will be seen on radiograph for PUD? |
|
Definition
| pneumoperitoneum, free air |
|
|
Term
| What is most sensitive and specidic diagnostic finding of acute appendicitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary benefit from using mesh repairs for inguinal hernias? |
|
Definition
| reduced risk of recurrence |
|
|
Term
| Most common symptom of crohn's disease? |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss |
|
|
Term
| progressive dysphagia and regurgitation of undigested food, patient has tried drinking large amounds of fluids with meals in an attempt to wash down food, most likely diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bird beak deformity is indicative of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first priority in relieving SBO? |
|
Definition
| correction of fluid and electrolyte abdominalites |
|
|
Term
| MCC of massive lower GI bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common fistula that develops as a consequence of colonic diverticular disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important risk factor in the development of colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colorectal carcinoma is most commonly spread through which mechanisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is classic finding on radiograph associated with sigmoid colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As part of post op surveillance in pts tx for colorectal cancer, which blood test should be employed for 2-3 months? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first line tx for Chron's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt presents with large air filled kidney shaped mass in the LUQ, finding is most compatible with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radiographic findings most compatible with large bowel obstruction include what? |
|
Definition
| distended proximal colon with air fluid levels |
|
|
Term
| What type of hemmoroid will require manual manipulation for reduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tearing pain associated with defecation, BRBPR on toilet paper, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Important risk factor in the development of gastric carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| helicobacter pylori infection |
|
|
Term
| first test for diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Midepigastric pain that is relieved by eating food, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of colon cancer and most common location? |
|
Definition
| Adenocarcinoma and rectum |
|
|
Term
| test of choice for colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of surgical procedure can be utilized with a persistent anal fissure? |
|
Definition
| lateral internal sphincterectomy |
|
|
Term
| Most common location of a perirectal abscess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for anorectal abscess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of anal fistula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diagnosis of pilonidal cyst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cleansing, draining, possible surgery to remove the cyst |
|
|
Term
| How long does a duodenal ulcer typically take to heal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is diagnostic test of choice for colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test of choice for diverticulitis during acute attack? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presenting symptoms of diverticulitis? |
|
Definition
| LLQ pain, change in bowel habits (diarrhea) |
|
|
Term
| birds beak on sigmoidoscopy typically indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of inflam bowel disease is mouth to anus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major complication from Crohn's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major complication for UC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common site of anal fissure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindication for hemmoroidectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common location for polyps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of thyroid carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Which is the most common type of thyroid cancer? |
|
Definition
| papillary thyroid carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Major risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| radiation to the head and neck |
|
|
Term
| What is the tumor marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Orphan Annie Nuclei are characteristic of which type of neoplastic dz? |
|
Definition
| Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What antithyroid drug is used in tx of multinodular goiter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three syndromes associated with MEN? |
|
Definition
| pheochromocytoma, thyroid medullary carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
Term
| which medication should be used in the inital tx of hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is initial test on eval of cushings syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cushing syndrome is due to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three causes of excess cortisol? |
|
Definition
| pituitary ACTH hypersecretion, ectopic ACTH secreting tumor, adrenal tumor secreting cortisol |
|
|
Term
| classic triad of pheochromocytoma? |
|
Definition
| palpitations, headache, episodic diaphoresis |
|
|
Term
| most common site for pheochromocytoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary hyperaldosteronism due to high aldosterone production, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common sources of conns syndrome? |
|
Definition
| adrenal adenoma or adrenal hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| four main symptoms/signs of conn syndrome? |
|
Definition
| hypertension, headache, polyuria |
|
|
Term
| test of choice from esopageal varices?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of esophageal varices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute medical tx for esophageal varices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx for esophageal varices? |
|
Definition
| band ligation, endoscope, liver transplant |
|
|
Term
| which type of esophageal cancer is associated with barret's esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common type of esophageal cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common type of gastric carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| procedure of choice for diagnosis of upper PUD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which labs/diagnostics should be ordered when suspicious of a PUD? |
|
Definition
| FOBT, and CBC, EGD, maybe KUB and CT scan |
|
|
Term
| What is the DOC for pain with acute cholecystitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of acalculous cholecystitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main tx for acute cholecystitis? |
|
Definition
| IVF, IV abx, pain control, and cholecystectomy |
|
|
Term
| what will be seen on US with acute cholecystitis? |
|
Definition
| pericholecystic fluid, thickened gallbladder wall, distended gallbladder, stones present |
|
|
Term
| management for choledocholithiasis? |
|
Definition
| ECRP, common bile duct exploration |
|
|
Term
| main complication of ERCP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of ascending cholangitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of cirrosis? |
|
Definition
| chronic hep c, and alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is diagnostic for HCC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the best imaging for HCC? |
|
Definition
| Helical CT scan with contrast |
|
|
Term
| two most common causes of pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| gallstones, and alcoholism |
|
|
Term
| patient presents with severe midepigastric pain, N/V, radiating to the back, relieved with sitting forward, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might be seen on CT with pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| inflammation, gallstones, edema, masses, pseudocysts |
|
|
Term
| three major complications associated with acute pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| pseudocyst, abscess, ascites |
|
|
Term
| periumbilical ecchymosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flank eccymosis is called what sign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main cause of chronic pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| repeated acute pancreatitis, from alcohol typically |
|
|
Term
| test of choice for chronic pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chain of lakes refers to which disease and diagnostic test? |
|
Definition
| ERCP for chronic pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| classic triad for chronic pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| diabetes, steatorrhea, pancreatic calcifications |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of Pancreatic Carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpable gall bladder and jaundice, with no hx of biliary colic should be suspicious for what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary diagnostic tool of pancreatic carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the tumor marker for pancreatic carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What symptoms are typical of acute diverticulitis? |
|
Definition
| LLQ pain and rebound tenderness |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotic should be used in the setting of acute appendicitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of ischemic bowel disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major symptoms associated with ischemic bowel disease? |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain, hematochezia, melena, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| best imaging for ischemic bowel disease? |
|
Definition
| 1) colonoscopy, 2) CT scan |
|
|
Term
| tx for ischemic bowel disease? |
|
Definition
| resuscitation and supportive measures (IV fluids and O2, pain control, NG tube) |
|
|
Term
| which two antibiotics should be used in the tx of acute diverticulitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common location of colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endometrial biopsy and pelvic U/S |
|
|
Term
| which tumor marker is elevated in Ovarian cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| U/S showing string of pearls is characteristic of what disease? |
|
Definition
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Medical management for PCOS? |
|
Definition
| spironolactone, metformin, Clomiphene |
|
|
Term
| Most common risk factor for cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common symptoms of cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
| post coital bleeding, cervical ulceration, leukorrhea |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of vulvar carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| post menopausal vaginal bleeding might be suspicious for what type of disorder? |
|
Definition
| vaginal squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| post menopausal vaginal bleeding might be suspicious for what type of disorder? |
|
Definition
| vaginal squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| best screening test for AAA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patient presents with "tearing" back pain, hypotension, and hemodynamic instability, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of aortic dissection? (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gold standard test for aortic dissection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute tx for aortic dissection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gold standard test for diagnosis of PVD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with ulcers on toes or top of foot are typically due to which type of vascular disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common symptom of PAD? |
|
Definition
| claudication ischemic pain when walking |
|
|
Term
| Patient presents with hair loss on foot, ulcers, pulselessness, and cool to the touch, dx? |
|
Definition
| Peripheral Arterial Disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common location of PAD? |
|
Definition
| superficial femoral and popliteal |
|
|
Term
| Imaging of choice for DVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient with achy legs, worse with standing, relieved with elevation, dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is becks triad, and what does it relate to? |
|
Definition
| hypotention, JVD, muffled heart sounds |
|
|
Term
| most common type of bladder carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| transitional cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| classic presentation of bladder cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for diagnosis of bladder cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common method of biopsy for prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common type of testicular carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main tumor markers for recurrence of testicular cancer? |
|
Definition
| BHCG, and alpha fetoprotein |
|
|
Term
| what should be the initial study for possible testicular carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most helpful screening test for prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
