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| Dealt with eminent domain and selective incorporation. Court declared that the fifth amendment only applied to the national government, and not state governments |
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| First time the first amendment was selectively incorporated. Free speech. clear and present danger introduced. |
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| Dealt with the fifth amendment (double jeopardy) and selective incorporation. Court declared that the fifth amendment did not apply to states; only federal government. |
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| Dealt with the establishment clause of the first amendment and freedom of religion within schools. Court declared the school prayer was unconstitutional because it violated the establishment clause. |
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| Abington School District v. Schempp |
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| Dealt with the establishment clause and freedom of religion in schools. Court declared the schools prayer was unconstitutional because it violated the establishment clause. |
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| Dealt with the free exercise clause and freedom of religion. Court declared that the restriction on unemployment compensation was unconstitutional because it violated the free exercise clause. |
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| Dealt with the establishment clause and freedom of religion in schools. Court ruled that the laws granting private schools funding were unconstitutional. established the lemon test for religious establishment. |
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| Dealt with establishment clause and moment of silence. Court declared Alabama law requiring a minute of silence in schools was unconstitutional because it violated the establishment clause. |
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| Dealt with the establishment clause and freedom of religion in schools. Court declared the schools prayer at graduation was unconstitutional because it violated the establishment clause. |
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| Dealt with Clear and Present Danger (Established this term) and Free Speech. Court upheld Schenck's conviction because his speecht created a "clear and present danger" to the society, thus not being protected under the first amendment. |
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| Dealt with Free Speech and Clear and Present Danger. Court ruled that Debs had violated the Espionage Act because his speech was intended to create a clear and present danger within society, therefore violating the first amendment |
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| Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire |
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| Dealt with "Fighting Words" and free speech. Court ruled Chaplinsky's speech was not protected because it did not attempt to convey any political message, but rather "fighting words" that were intended to create disorder. |
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| Dealt with Clear and Present Danger and free speech. Court ruled that the Ohio syndicalism law was unconstitutional because it was too broad and ignored whether the advocacy would incite lawless action. |
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| Tinker v. Des Moines School District |
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| Dealt with Symbolic Speech. Court ruled that students were allowed to wear armbands as a way of protest because it did not interfere with the education process. Established symbolic speech doctrine. |
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| Dealt with flag burning and free speech. Court ruled that flag burning as an act of protest was constitutional because it was a form of political speech that was protected by the first amendment. |
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| Dealt with free speech, censorship, and established the "Strict Scrutiny" doctrine. Court ruled that the Communications Decency Act was unconstitutional because it was too vague. Laws must be very clear. |
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| Dealt with Prior Restraint. Court ruled the prohibition of publication of a periodical or newspaper prior to circulation was unconstitutional. |
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| New York Times v. Sullivan |
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| Dealt with Libel and free speech. Court ruled that the first amendment protected the publication of all statements, even false ones, as long as they are not made with actual malice. |
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| New York Times v. United States |
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| Dealt with the Pentagon Papers and free press v. executive power. Court ruled that the publication of newspapers revealing decisions regarding Vietnam was protected because they did not threaten national security. |
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| Dealt with freedom of assembly and first amendment. Court ruled that the obstruction of the assembly of workers to discuss national legislation was unconstitutional because it violated the free assembly clause of the first amendment. |
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| District of Columbia v. Heller |
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| Dealt with the right to bear arms in a federal district. Court ruled that the second amendment protects the individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with a militia and to use it for traditionally lawful purposes such as self-defense. |
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| Dealt with search and seizure and the exclusionary rule. Court ruled that the police unlawfully searched and seized evidence. The exclusionary rule was developed stating that evidence unlawfully seized could not be used in a court of law. |
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| Dealt with warrantless search and the right to privacy. Court ruled that Mapp's fourth amendment freedom from search and seizure was violated. Selectively Incorporated the fourth amendment. |
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| Dealt with right to counsel and the rights of the accused. Court ruled that Gideon's right to counsel was violated and that an attorney must be provided in all cases. Selectively incorporated the Sixth amendment. |
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| Dealt with right to counsel, self-incrimination, and rights of the accused. Court ruled that the failure to grant an attorney and failure to inform Escobedo of his rights was unconstitutional. |
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| Dealt with self-incrimination and rights of the accused. Court ruled that the police were violating Miranda's rights by not informing him of his rights before interrogation. Miranda Warning was established as a result. |
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| Dealt with search and seizure and rights of students. Court ruled that the seizure of documents from students purse was lawful because it was reasonable and because there was reasonable suspicion. School officials need only reasonable suspicion. |
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| Dealt with equal protection, due process, and cruel and unusual punishment. Court struck down the death penalty stating that the system was broken, and it did not allow for equal protection for all citizens. Did not however say the death penalty violated the eighth amendment. |
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| Dealt with the death penalty. Court ruled that the death penalty did not violate the eighth and fourteenth amendments in all circumstances. Reinstated the death penalty. |
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