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| Iroquois Indians which lived in the northeastern woodland were inspired by a legendary leader named Hiawatha to create the closest thing to an empire, the Iroquois Confederacy. It created the political and organizational skills to sustain a military alliance to fend off neighbors, Native Americans and Europeans. |
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| A treaty that divided the New World between Portugal and Spain; The lion's share went to Spain, but Portugal received territory in Africa, Asia, and present day Brazil. |
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| people of mixed Indian and European heritage |
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| It allowed the government to give Indians to certain colonists if they promised to convert them to Christianity; it was a hyperbole for slavery |
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| The Italian who convinced the Spanish monarchs to fund his mission to find a quicker way to the Indies. He instead found an island in the Bahamas on October 12, 1492. |
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| The moment Columbus walked onshore to encounter the native people of the Bahamas. |
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| a forerunner of the corporation, allowed many investors to pool their capital to use in a business venture. |
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| an island off the coast of North Carolina founded by Sir Walter Raleigh; after several failed attempts, the colony mysteriously disappeared |
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| A charter which is a significant document in American history that gave the settlers the same rights as a mainland Englishman. |
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| A settlement on the banks of the James River that was nearly obliterated by disease and starvation. |
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| The man that saved Jamestown from a sure end through his leadership and stern rules. |
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| The Indian chief that kidnapped John Smith to show his power and desire for peaceful relations with the Virginians. |
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| The Indian Princess who "saved" John Smith from execution by interposing her head between his and the war clubs. She became the middle man between Indians and settlers. |
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| the husband of Pocahontas; first interracial union in Virginia, father of the tobacco industry and savior of the Virginia colony |
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| The plant Virginians eagerly sought land to plant. Tobacco became the source of firm economic foundations for Virginia but it also ruined soil and chained Virginia to a single crop for its economy. |
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| An assembly of settlers the Virginia Company authorized to act as a mini parliament, it was the first of many |
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| founder of Maryland in 1634 and member of a prominent English Catholic family. He found Maryland partly for financial gain and partly to create a Catholic refuge |
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| A colony similar to Virginia in the economy that was a refuge for Catholics. it depended on labor in its early years, Maryland permitted freedom of worship at the outset but then turned to only Christianity being allowed |
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| statute passed in Maryland that guaranteed toleration to all Christains but death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus. It was passed because Catholics were scared the growing number of Protestants would begin to persecute them |
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| after Charles II took back the English throne, colonization was resumed with more vigor and royal involvement |
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| Carolina Colony/North Carolina |
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| Many of the "rougher" settlers of Virginia moved to Carolina where they were poor but sturdy inhabitants. They raised tobacco without slaves. The newcomers were dubbed squatters without legal rights to land. Among most democratic of colonies, least aristocratic, |
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| the ablest of the founders of Georgia, was interested in prison reform, he repelled many Spanish attacks and saved the colony through his leadership and heavily mortgaging his own money |
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| a colony that produced silk and wine, primarily served as a buffer between the Spanish and the Carolinas, was a safe haven for those with excessive debt, tried to keep slavery out, was a melting pot for many races |
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| affairs were directed by crown officials, |
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| the proprietor obtained a charter from the king, established at the colony at his own risk and appointed its officials. |
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| Corporate Colony (joint-stock) |
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| Affairs were controlled by shareholders operating under a charter granted by the king |
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| Indian life in North America before Columbus |
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| Nature was mainly untouched or changed. Corn planting was a major part of Indian life. Women tended to crops while men hunted and cleared fields for better hunting. Women had substantial power. Matrilineal cultures. |
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