Term
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Definition
| characterized by the primary symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
| indicated by either (1) larger doses of the substance being need to produce the desired effect or (2) the effects of the drug becoming markedly less if the usual amount is taken |
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Term
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Definition
| negative physical and psychological symptoms that develop when the person stop taking the substance or reduces the amount |
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Term
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Definition
person must experience one of the following as a result of the recurrent use of the drug
- Failure to fulfill major obligations
- Exposure to physical dangers
- Legal problems
- Persistent social or interpersonal problems |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol abuse or dependence combined with other drugs |
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Term
| Alcohol Abuse and Dependence |
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Definition
| - Patient is often anxious, depressed, weak, restless and unable to sleep. Tremors of the muscles, especially of the small musculatures of the fingers, face, eyelids, lips and tongue, and pulse, blood pressure and temperature are elevated |
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Term
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Definition
| view that problems such as excessive drinking are due to vulnerabilities that reside within a person |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that excessive drinking reflects personal failings and personal choices of the afflicted individual |
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Term
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Definition
| a severe loss of memory for both recent and long-past events; caused by a deficiecy of B-complex vitamins due to alcohol abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| growth of fetus is slowed, and cranial, facial and limb anomalies are produced due to the mother consuming alcohol when pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
| addicting agent of tobacco. It stimulates receptors, called nicotinic receptors in the brain. |
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Term
| Medical Problems caused by smoking |
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Definition
| lung cancer, emphysema, cancer of the larynx and esophagus, number of cardiovascular disease |
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Term
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Definition
| or environmental tobacco smoke, is smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette, contains higher concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar than does the smoke that is inhaled by the smoker |
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Term
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Definition
| dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of the hemp plan, Cannabis sativa. Can be smoked, chewed, prepared as tea, or eaten in baked goods |
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Term
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Definition
| stronger than marijuana, produced by removing and drying the resin exudates of the tops of high-quality cannabis plants |
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Term
| Psychological Effects of Marijuana |
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Definition
makes them feel relaxed and sociable. rapid shifts of emotion, to dull attention to fragment thoughts and to impair memory.
increases likelihood of psychotic disorder, greater neurocognitive deficienciees, imapirs psychomotor skills for driving |
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Term
| Somatic Effects of Marijuana |
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Definition
short-term effects include bloodshot and itchy eyes, dry mouth and throat, increase appeitie, raised blood pressure
- associated with respiratory diseases such as coughing, wheezing, bronchitis, lunger cancer, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| downers, slow the activities of the body and reduce its responsiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| group of addictive sedatives that relieve pain and induce sleep when taken in moderate doses |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic or semi-synthetic version of opiates |
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Term
| Psychological Effects of Opiates |
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Definition
- Produce euphoria, drowsiness, reverie, and a lack of coordination
- Heroin has an additional effect: the rush, a feeling of warm, suffusing ecstasy immediately following an intravenous injection |
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Term
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Definition
| another major type of sedative, were synthesized as aids for sleeping and relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
| act on the brain and the sympathetic nervous system to increase alertness and motor activity. examples are amphetmanines, cocaine |
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Term
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Definition
| produces its effects by causing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and blocking their reuptake. - Wakefulness is heightened, intestinal functions are inhibited, and appetite is reduced. Heart rate quickens, and blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes constrict, individual becomes alert, euphoric, and outgoing, high self-confidence |
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Term
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Definition
| effects in addition to reducing pain. It acts rapidly on the brain, blocking the reuptake of dopamine in mesolimbic areas that are thought to yield pleasurable states, dopamine is left in synapse and facilitates neural transmission and results in positive feelings. increases in sexual desire, produces feelings of self-confidence, well-being. |
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Term
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Definition
| an alkaloid and an active ingredient of peyote, was isolated from small, disc-like growths on the top of the peyote cactus |
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Term
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Definition
| crystalline power that Hofmann isolated from the mushroom Psilocybe Mexicana |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to 2 closely similar synthetic compounds, MDA and MDMA, is chemically similar to mescaline and the amphetamines and is the psychoactive agent in nutmeg |
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Term
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Definition
| a recurrence of psychedelic experiences after the physiological effects of the drug have worn off |
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Term
| self-medication theory of addiction |
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Definition
| drinking is done with the goal of reducing an aversive state |
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Term
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Definition
| intoxicated person has less cognitive capacity to distribute between ongoing activity and worry) |
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Term
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Definition
| controlled thought processes that can be deliberated upon |
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Term
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Definition
| automatic appraisal of cues that is more uncontrolled and perhaps not subject to conscious awareness |
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Term
| conditioning theory of intolerance |
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Definition
| underscores the need to jointly consider biological processes and environmental stimuli that may be involved in the acquisition and maintenance of addictive behaviours |
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Term
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Definition
| anticipatory regulatory responses made in anticipation of a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| the withdrawal from alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that discourages drinking by causing violent vomiting if the alcohol is ingested |
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Term
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Definition
| Problem drinkers are shocked or made nauseous while looking at, reaching for, or beginning to drink alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| problem drinkers are instructed to imagine being made violently and disgustingly ill by their drinking |
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Term
| Contingency-Management Theory |
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Definition
| Involves teaching clients and those close to them to reinforce behaviours inconsistent with drinking. - This therapy also includes teaching job-hunting and social skills, as well as assertiveness training for refusing drinks |
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Term
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Definition
| a moderate pattern of alcohol consumption that avoids the extremes of total abstinence and inebriation |
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Term
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Definition
| an outpatient approach, emphasizes personal responsibility and control |
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Term
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Definition
| complete abstinence from alcohol |
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Term
| Drug therapy programs for heroin addiction |
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Definition
| involve heroin substitutes (drugs chemically similar to heron that replace the body’s craving for it) or heroin antagonists (drugs that prevent the user from experiencing the heroin high) |
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Term
| Motivational Interviewing |
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Definition
| combines CBT principles with the humanistic principles by Rogers. The central premise is that people must be motivated and ready to change in order for psychological interventions to work and motivation needs to be enhance among ambivalent clients |
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