Term
| Just-in-time (JIT) philosophy |
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Definition
| Getting the right quantity of goods at the right place at the right time |
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| Anything that does not add value |
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| A philosophy that encompasses the entire organization |
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| Broad view of operations, simplicity, continuous improvement, visibility, and flexibility |
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Definition
| Material, energy, time, and space |
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| Broad view of the organization |
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Definition
| Tasks and procedures are important only if they meet the company's overall goals |
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Definition
| The simpler a solution the better it is |
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| Continuous improvement (Kaizen) |
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Definition
| A philosophy of never-ending improvement |
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| Problems must be visible to be identified and solved |
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Definition
| A company can quickly adapt to the changing needs of its customers |
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Definition
| The three elements are just-in-time manufacturing, total quality management, and respect for people |
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Term
| Just-in-time manufacturing |
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Definition
| The element of JIT that focuses on the production system to achieve value-added manufacturing |
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Definition
| Cost incurred when setting up equipment for a production run |
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Term
| Statistical quality control |
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Definition
| The general category of statistical tools used to evaluate organizational quality |
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Definition
| Statistics used to describe quality characteristics and relationships |
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Term
| Statistical process control |
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Definition
| A statistical tool that involves inspecting a random sample of the output from a process and deciding whether the process and deciding whether the process is producing products with characteristics that fall within a predetermined range |
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Definition
| The process of randomly inspecting a sample of goods and deciding whether to accept the entire lot based on results |
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Term
| Common causes of variation |
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Definition
| Random causes that cannot be identified |
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Term
| Assignable causes of variation |
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Definition
| Causes that can be identified and eliminated |
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| A statistic that measures the central tendency of a set of data |
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Definition
| Xbar= + values/# of values |
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| The difference between the largest and smallest observations in a set of data |
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| o= square root of (tot observations-xbar)/n-1 |
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Definition
| A graph that shows whether a sample of data falls within the common or normal range of variation |
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Definition
| The situation in which a plot of data falls outside preset control limits |
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Definition
| A product or characteristic that can be measured and has a continuum of values (e.g, height, weight, or volume) |
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Definition
| A product characteristic that has a discrete value and can be counted |
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Definition
| A control chart used to monitor changes in the mean value of a process |
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Definition
| A control chart that monitors changes in dispersion or variability of a process |
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Definition
| A control chart that monitors the proportion of defects in a sample |
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Term
| Groups (examples of p chart groups) |
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Definition
*Defective or not defective
*Good or bad
*Broken or not broken |
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Definition
| A control chart used to monitor the number of defects per unit |
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Definition
| The ability of a production process to meet or exceed preset specifications |
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Definition
| Preset ranges of acceptable quality characteristics |
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Definition
| An index used to measure process capability |
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| Formula for calculating process capability |
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Definition
Cp= Specification width/Process Width
USL-LSL/6deviatiions |
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Term
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Definition
| A high level of quality associated with approximately 3.4 defective parts per million |
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Term
| Five step plan of six sigma |
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Definition
1) Define the quality problem
2) Measure the current performance of the process
3) Analyze the process to identify the root cause of the quality problem
4) Improve the process by eliminating the root causes of the problem
5) Control the process |
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Definition
| A plan for acceptance sampling that precisely specifies the parameters of the sampling process and the acceptance/rejection criteria |
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Definition
| An integrated effort designed to improve quality performance at every level of the organization |
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Definition
| Uncovering the root cause of a quality problem |
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Definition
| An element of JIT that considers human resources as an essential part of the JIT philosophy |
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Definition
| JIT based on a "pull" system rather than a "push" system. If products are not requested they're not produced |
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Term
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Definition
| A card that specifies the exact quantity of product that needs to be produced |
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Definition
| A kanban card that authorizes production of material |
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Term
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Definition
| A kanban card that authorizes withdrawal of material |
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Term
| Formula for calculating kanban |
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Definition
N= DT+S/C
N=Total # of kanbans or containers (one card per container)
D= Demand rate at a using workstation
T= Time it takes to receive an order (lead time)
C= Size of container
S= Safety stock to protect against variability |
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Term
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Definition
| S=Safety stock*(# of bottles *the time)= bottles |
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Definition
| The ability to produce small quantities of products |
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Definition
| Requires the machine to be stopped in order to be performed |
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Definition
| Can be performed while the machine is still running |
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Definition
| A constant production plan for a facility with a given planning horizon |
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Definition
| Capable of performing more than one job |
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Definition
| Placement of dissimilar machines and equipment together to produce a family of products with similar processing requirements |
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Definition
| Authority given to workers to stop the production line if a quality problem is detected |
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Definition
| Product design, process design and suppliers |
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Definition
| Foolproof devices or mechanisms that prevent defects from occurring |
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Definition
| Consensus management by committees or teams |
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Definition
| Small teams of employees that volunteer to solve quality problems |
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Definition
| Suppliers that supply an entire family of parts for one manufacturer |
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Definition
| Reduction in inventory, improved quality, reduced space requirements, shorter lead times, lower production costs, increased productivity etc |
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| Qualitative forecasting methods |
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Definition
| Forecast is made subjectively, can incorporate latest information, and inside info |
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Definition
| Based on mathematics, consistent and objective, only as good as the data provided |
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Definition
1) Executive opinion
2) Market Research
3) Delphi method |
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Definition
| Group of managers meet up and decide a forecast. Generally good for new product forecasting. Downside of this is one person's opinion can slant it |
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Definition
| Uses surveys and interviews to determine preferences but can be difficult to develop a strong questionnaire from |
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Definition
| Approach to forecasting in which a forecast is the product of a consensus among a group of experts |
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Definition
1)Time series model
2)Time series
3)Casual model |
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Definition
1)Level or horizontal
2)Trend pattern
3)Seasonality
4)Cycles |
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Definition
| Exists when data values fluctuate around a constant mean. Usually the easiest pattern to predict |
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| Pattern in which data exhibit increasing or decreasing values over time |
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Definition
| Any pattern that regularly repeats itself and is constant in length |
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Definition
| Data patterns created by economic fluctuations |
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Definition
| Unexplained variation that cannot be predicted |
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Term
| Forecasting level or horizontal |
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Definition
1)Naive method
2)Simple mean or avg
3)Simple moving avg
4)Weighted moving avg
5)Exponential smoothing |
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Term
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Definition
| Forecasting method that assumes the next periods value is the same as the current |
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Term
| Formula for the naive method |
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Definition
Ft+1=At
Fapril= 320 dinners |
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Term
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Definition
The average of a set of data...
Add actual values/number of periods |
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Definition
| A forecasting method in which only n of the most recent observations are averaged |
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Definition
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| A forecasting method in which n of the most recent observations are averaged and past observations may be weighted differently |
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Definition
Ft+1=ECtAt
Add actual*weight+" "+ " " |
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Definition
| Uses sophisticated weighted avg procedure to generate a forecast |
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Term
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Definition
| coefficient*actual+(1-coefficent)*actual |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage amt by which data for which data for each season are above or below the mean |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedure that models a straight-line relationship between two variables |
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