Term
| Words that sound similar to the noises they describe are examples of… |
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Definition
Onomatopoeia
(splash, buzz, bang, etc.)
Onomatopoeic words aren’t the same in every language. |
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Term
| What is the general idea behind the divine source theory? |
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Definition
| That there is a divine source that provides humans with language. |
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Term
| The ‘’pooh-pooh’’ hypothesis talks about… |
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Definition
How the original sounds of language came from emotion. i.e. cries, pain, anger and joy.
Problem: are highly language specific and based on intake of breath |
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Term
| When did written language develop? |
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Definition
| +/- 5000 years ago. Written language came after spoken language, which may have emerged between 164,000 and 5000,000 years ago. |
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Term
| When does the human auditory system begin working? |
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Definition
| Before birth, at around 7 months. |
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Term
| What percentage of human breathing while speaking normally consists of in-breaths? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between the position of the larynx in humans and other primates? |
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Definition
| The lower position of the human larynx makes it more likely for the human to choke on pieces of food. Monkeys may not be able to produce speech sounds, but they can’t choke on their food either. |
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Term
| Why are interjections such as ‘’ooh!’’ or ‘’Yuck!’’ considered to be unlikely sources of human speech sounds? |
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Definition
| We normally produce spoken language as we breathe out, so we speak while we exhale, not inhale. These interjections are usually produced with sudden intakes of breath. |
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Term
| What is the basic idea behind the ‘’bow-wow’’ theory of language origin? |
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Definition
| The early human tried to imitate the sounds and then used them to refer to those objects even when they weren’t present. |
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Term
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Definition
| The larynx dropped to a lower position during the course of human development. This created a longer cavity called the pharynx, above the vocal folds. |
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Term
Taking over words from other languages.
i.e. dope (Dutch), jewel (French) and tattoo (Tahitian) |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of the origin and the history of a word. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the pharynx? |
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Definition
| It acts as a resonator for increased range and clarity of the sounds produced via the larynx. |
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Term
| A type of borrowing. When there is a direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing language. (French ‘gratte-ciel’ = wolkenkrabber) |
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Definition
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Term
| The joining of two separate words to produce a single form: bookcase, waterbed |
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Definition
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Term
| When a word of more than one syllable (facsimile) is reduced to a shorter form (fax) |
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Definition
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Term
| The Invention and general use of totally new terms. |
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Definition
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Term
| In this process, a word is reduced to a single syllable, then -y or -ie is added at the end: telly, brekky, movie |
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Definition
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Term
| A word of one type (a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (a verb) donation = donate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A word formed from the initial letters of a set of other words. CD, NASA, UNESCO |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common process to be found in the production of new words. Accomplished by means of a large number of small bits called affixes. |
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Term
| A change in the function of a word. i.e. when a noun comes to be used as a verb dust, cheat, glue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Divided into two sides: a left and a right side. |
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Term
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Definition
| A new word we can easily accept and use the different forms of in the language. |
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Term
| When is an eponym a neologism? |
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Definition
| When it's based on the name of a person or a place. |
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Term
| Which word-formation process is the source of the English word modern? |
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Definition
| blending (modulator + demodulator) |
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Term
| Which two processes were involved in the creation of the verb google, as in Have you ever googled yourself? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which process is clearly involved in creating the term 'selfie'? |
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Definition
| Clipping Selfie = hypocorism. |
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Term
| A form of acronym where the leters are pronounced separately. Example: ATM |
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Definition
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Term
| A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the basic, essential meaning of a word. (The one that's in the dictionary)
Needle: Thin, sharp steel instrument |
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Term
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Definition
The association someone makes with a word.
Needle: pain, blood, thread. |
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Term
| Two words with very closely related meanings |
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Definition
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Term
| two or more words with opposite meanings. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another. |
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Term
| The idea of the characteristic instance of a category |
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Definition
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Term
| When a word has multiple meanings |
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Definition
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Term
| Two or more words with the same form and related meaning |
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Definition
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Term
| Language beyond the sentence |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Everything fitting together well |
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Definition
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Term
| A signal by which other participants can indicate that they want to take turn speaking |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ''I mean his...'' ''uuuhmm....'' |
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Term
| An almost automatic sequence when someone says something to you |
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Definition
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Term
| Reversal in position of sounds (frist - first) |
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Definition
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Term
| Addition of a sound in the middle of a word. |
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Definition
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Term
| Addition of sounds to the beginning of a word |
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Definition
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Term
| When words disappear and new words are formed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Historical perspective over time |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference within one language in different places among different groups at the same time |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the difference between accent and dialect? |
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Definition
| Accent means a difference in pronunciation, where dialect means a difference in grammar and vocabulary as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| non-mobile, older, rural, male speakers |
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Term
| A boundary between areas with regard to one particular linguistic item |
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Definition
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Term
| When a number of isoglosses come together in this way, a more solid line can be drawn, which is called a... |
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Definition
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Term
| Two languages (or two varieties of the same language) are used under different conditions within a community, often by the same speakers. A low variety acquired locally and used for everyday affairs, and a high variety learned in school and used for important matters. |
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Term
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Definition
| A contact language that developed for some practical purpose as trading among groups of people who didn't know each other's languages. |
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Term
| When a pidgin develops beyond its role as a trade or contact language and becomes the first language of a social community it is described as a... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two ways to pronounce a word or sound |
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Definition
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Term
| When certain individuals change their speech in the direction of a form that is more frequent in the speech of those perceived to have higher social status. |
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Definition
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Term
When certain groups do not exhibit style-shifting to the same extent as other groups
(lower-working-class people) |
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Definition
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Term
| Terminology associated with a specific area of work or interest |
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Definition
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Term
| A general expression for a kind of social dialect, typically spoken by a lower-status group |
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Definition
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Term
| Freund, friend and vriend are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Cat, dog and goldfish are ..... of ''pet'' |
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Definition
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Term
| A possible prototype of the superordinate “furniture”. |
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Definition
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Term
| AAVE(African American Vernacular English) means... |
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Definition
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Term
| Look at this non-verbal use of language; this would be considered[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Which property of human language explains the fact that new words come into the language |
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Definition
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Term
| questions answered by questions. |
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Definition
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Term
| What phrase is more often used instead of ''theme'' in the semantic analysis of noun phrases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's a synonym for the term ''thematic roles''? Used more often |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of opposites can be identified via the negative test? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sound carried over to the next word (favorite 'f'ong) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sound used before the next word (a tup of tea) |
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Definition
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Term
| Initial or final sounds change places (look before you leak) |
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Definition
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Term
| Synonym for ''slip of the tongue'' (speech error) |
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Definition
| spoonerisms (mixing up words in a sentence) |
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