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The systematic study of humans as biological organisms. Study physiological differences in humans using fossils and living subjects |
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| A branch of anthropology that focuses on human behavior |
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A set of rules or standards by members of a society, which when acted upon by the members produce behavior that falls within a range of variation the members consider proper and acceptable. |
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| The study of material remains, usually from the past to describe and explain human bahvior |
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| The study of human language, with the belief that language is an auditory ecpression of culture. |
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| a distinct feature of an artifact that cannot be divided into additional units of a different kind |
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| a group of industirues found in an acheaological site |
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| A non-portable peice of evidence for human activity |
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| natural objects concentrated by humans at a site |
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| sedimentary layers formed by deposition over time. |
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| younger sediments are deposited over older ones |
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| a line which samples are taken at specified intervals |
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| a one meter square excavation |
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| A system that dates a particular finding using 1) stratigraphy, or 2) other methods of dating |
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| dates for acheaological materials based on solar years, centuries, radiocarbon years, or other units of absolute time |
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| Uses the known half-life of decomposition of C14 to age organic materials |
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| the degree to which elements that comprise an achaeological site have remained unchanged sine the time of occupation or activity |
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Animals in the Primate order |
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| lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans |
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| a group of similar individuals that can and do interbreed |
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| populations of organisms capable of interbreed, but are reproductivly isolated |
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| the process by which organisms achieve a benificial adjuectment to an available environment |
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| Evolutionary process that leads to the development of a new species |
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| fovea is responsible for sharp central vision, which is necessary in humans for reading, watching television or movies, driving, and any activity where visual detail is of primary importance |
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| A catatthine primate super order that includes apes and humans |
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| evolutionary ancestors (group of hominids) of orangutans, and probably bonobos, chimps, chimpaness, apes and humans |
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| family and subfamily that include humans and African apes |
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| a hominoid and early human anecestor (17 million y/a) |
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| The earliest known hominine, ca. 4.4 million years ago |
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first fully bipedal hominine of which we have record 3.9 - 2.9 million years ago |
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| i.e. Handy man - earliest representative of the genus Homo, lived between 2.4 and 1.6 million years ago. First to use stone tools ca. 1.9 million years ago. |
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| 1.7 million years - 250,000 first to use fire and first hominid to spread out of Africa. |
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| 100,000 years ago to current |
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| the process of chipping rock to make stone tools |
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| During the paleolithic era (stone age), came the earliest identifiable tools |
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| toolmaking tradition of Homo erectus in Africa, Europe, and southwest Asia in whcih hand axes were developed from the earlier oldowan chopper |
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Tech Developments for expansion |
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1. Fire 2. Shelter 3. Cooked food 4. Probably clothing |
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| Homo erectus disappears about 400,000 years ago and Homo sapians appear about the same time |
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| Pear shapped, bifacial, chipped stone tools with one pointed end and sharp edges all around |
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| toolmaking technique developed ca. 200,000 years ago (late erectus; early sapians) |
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| 300,000 to 30,000 years BP, this tradition was employeed to make tools from flint |
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| Based on mitochondrial DNA (female DNA) traced back to one woman who lived in Africa, possibly Asia, 200,000 years ago. Homo sapians (modern human) developed 120,000 to 90,000 years BP. |
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| The name given to Homo sapians that encountered neanderthals during the upper paleolithic. |
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2.6 years BP - 100,000 years BP: Oldewan and Achulean Middle Paleolithic: (300,000 - 30,000): Mousterian Upper Paleolithic: (40,000 - 20,000): Soultrean |
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| A more diverse range of tools using both stone and other material (antlers) |
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