Term
| What does the word Renaissance mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the people of the Renaissance believe it was a "rebirth" of what? |
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Definition
| they believed it was a rebirth of the Greek and Roman Empires |
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Term
| Who was the wealthy Italian family that was a patron of the arts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Italy's advantage for the Renaissance to begin there? |
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Definition
| It had Thriving cites-Florence, Milan, and Venice; it had wealthy merchant class; and it had a classical heritage of Greece and Rome |
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Term
| What was the impact of Humanism? |
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Definition
| People began to read the classic works by ancient Greeks and Romans, People began to learn Latin, and humanists began to reject family and community |
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Term
| Who was Petrarch and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| Petrarch was a writer who began to write literature in venecular(the common language of the people at that time)he also started the Humanist movement |
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Term
| Who was Da Vinci and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| was a painter who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper |
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Term
| Who was Holbein and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| An Renaissance artist who painted portraits of King Henry VII |
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Term
| Who was Erasmus and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| a writer who read the Bible to improve society and was a Christian Humanist |
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Term
| Who was Guttenberg and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| invented the printing press with movable type. First book printed was the Bible |
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Term
| Who was Zwingli and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| set up churches known as Reformed churches. Desired a theocracy and helped start the reformation |
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Term
| Who was Prince Henry and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| the Navigator, started the school of navigation in 1419 |
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Term
| Who was Columbus and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| sailed west in search of trade route, and touched land in the islands of America |
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Term
| Who was Machiavelli and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| wrote the Prince, a book about how princes shouldn't worry about what is morally right, but what is politically effective |
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Term
| Who was Raphael and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| Painted the School of Athens, and was referred to the Renaissance Man |
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Term
| Who was van Eyck and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| painter who made the technique of oil painting famous, and painted scenes of peasant life |
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Term
| Who was Thomas More and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| Wrote Utopia; an ideal society where greed, corruption, and war are eliminated |
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Term
| Who was John Huss and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| Preached against immorlaity and worldliness of the church, was excommunicated, tried for heresy and burned at the stake |
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Term
| Who was Calvin and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| published a book called the Institutes of the Christian Religion which credated a system of Protestant theology |
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Term
| Who was Dias and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| discovered the southern tip of Africa, and named it the Cape of Good Hope. proved that ships could reach East Asia by sailing around Africa |
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Term
| Who was Pizzaro and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| Spainsh explorer that conquered the Incas |
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Term
| Who was Michelangelo and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted the David |
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Term
| Who was Durer and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| Painted the Adoration of the Trinity; produced woodcuts, engravings, and religious subjects |
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Term
| Who was Bruegel and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| captured scenes from everyday life in his paintings |
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Term
| Who was Shakespeare and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| greatest playwright of all time, wrote Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, etc. |
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Term
| Who was John Wycliffe and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| called the Morning star of the reformation; translated the Bible into English |
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Term
| Who was Knox and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| founder of the Presbyterian Church who put Calvin's ideas into practice in Scotland |
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Term
| Who was de Gama and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| explorer whose expedition to India provided Portugal direct route/access to Asia in 1498 |
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Term
| Who was La Salle and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| explored lower Mississippi and named the region Louisiana for King Louis XIV |
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Term
| Who was Cartier and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| reached the coast of Canada and named the st. Lawrence River |
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Term
| Who was Champlain and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| laid claim to the region called Quebec |
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Term
| Who was Marquette and Joliet and what were their accomplishments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Magellan and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| established westward route around Cape Horn. He was killed in the Philippines |
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Term
| Who was Cortez and what was his accomplishment? |
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Definition
| seen as a god by the Aztecs, conquered the Aztecs |
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Term
| Who were Ferdinand and Isabella and what were their accomplishments? |
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Definition
| Royal couple of Spain that led Spain in its quest for world riches |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Renaissance art? |
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Definition
| Sought to imitate nature; humanism played a role; and mixed nature and humans in paintings |
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Term
| How did Renaissance ideas spread? |
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Definition
| the movable type printing press was invented, war also helped spread ideas |
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Term
| What are the causes of the Reformation? |
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Definition
| war spread ideas; rulers and merchants used their money to sponsor artists; and educated people combined classical learning with interest in religious ideas |
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Term
| What is the process that led Luther to nail his 95 theses on the church at Wittenberg? |
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Definition
| Luther was disgusted by the church's abuse of money-example the selling of indulgences |
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Term
| When did Luther post his 95 theses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the teachings of Martin Luther? |
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Definition
| salvation was by faith alone, church teachings should be based on the Bible, and people don't need a priest to interpret the Bible |
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Term
| What book formed the system of Protestant Theology? |
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Definition
| The Institutes of the Christian Religion |
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Term
| Who were the Anabaptists? |
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Definition
| people who emphasized the importance of baptism |
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Term
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Definition
| followers of Calvin in France |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Society of Jesus? |
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Definition
| to renew emphasis on spiritual exercise and service |
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Term
| What did the Council of Trent emphasize? |
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Definition
| it reaffirmed Catholic teachings that had been challenged by the Protestants and ended the church abuses-the sale of indulgences |
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Term
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Definition
| it was the method that the Catholic church court used to seek out and punish heretics |
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Term
| What is the legacy of the Reformation? |
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Definition
| Religion no longer united Europe, church power(influence) declined, the rejection of Christian beliefs in Western culture, and 100 years of Religious warfare |
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Term
| What are the factors that encouraged exploration? |
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Definition
| gain of wealth, spread of Christianity, Technological advances |
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Term
| Who was the first European country to seek an alternative sea route to Asia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
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Definition
| the agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas |
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Term
| Where did Portugal's main interest lie? |
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Definition
| its interest lay in Africa and Asia |
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Term
| What did Portugal want to do in Africa and Asia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who drove the Portugal and English out of Asian outposts? |
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Definition
| The Dutch-specifically the Dutch East India company |
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Term
| What are the 3 desires of a conquistador? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Cortez able to conquer the Aztecs? |
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Definition
| the Spanish had superior weapons, other tribes helped them, and white man's diseases killed many Aztecs |
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Term
| What helped Spain become the richest and most powerful nation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Spain's two main goals of Colonization? |
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Definition
| conquer land and gain wealth |
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Term
| Why did Native American populations decline after the arrival of the Spaniards? |
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Definition
| the Spainards brought diseases that the Native Americans weren't imune to |
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Term
| What was the Northwest Passage? |
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Definition
| a passage that was supposed to go through America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
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Term
| What were the French more interested in as they explored North America? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first English Colony? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of the French and Indian War? |
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Definition
| it was a battle over the control of the Ohio valley and France lost so they were forced to give up all of their land in North America to England |
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Term
| What is the Triangular Trade route? |
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Definition
| it is where European ships carried goods to Africa in exchange for slaves, which were brought to the Americas, and then the ships returned to Europe to sell American goods |
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Term
| What is the Middle Passage? |
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Definition
| the passage that brought slaves to the Americas in the Triangle Trade route |
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Term
| What are some of the consequences of the Slave trade in Africa? |
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Definition
| loss of population, civil war in Africa, and Families were torn apart and culture was lost |
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Term
| What are some of the consequences of the slave trade in America? |
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Definition
| there was a labor supply, new farming techniques, and an introduction of African culture and mixed races |
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Term
| What is the Columbian Exchange |
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Definition
| the global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas started by Columbus |
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Term
| How did the commercial revolution change European society? |
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Definition
| Cities and towns grew, there was an increase in the wealth of nations, and the merchant class grew in wealth and status |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic policy of increasing wealth and power by accumulating large amounts of gold and silver and selling more goods than are bought |
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Term
| What is encomienda system? |
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Definition
| the spanish system where a colonist was given a certain amount of land and Native Americans to work for his just as long as the colonist taught the Indians Christianity |
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Term
| How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant reformation? |
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Definition
| At first they tried the reformers as heretics, then after Martin Luther, they began to look at their church doctrine. Pope Paul III investigated abuses within the church, and founded the Council of Trent which reaffirmed Catholic teachings that had been challenged by protestants. This leads to the ending of the sales of indulgences and the Inquisition. Eventully many Protestant books were burned in order to end their influence |
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Term
| How did the Anglican Church form in England? |
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Definition
| It started when King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife Catherine because she didn't have a son. The Catholic church didn't allow divorce, so Henry separated from the church and formed his own church. He married another wife, and her daughter Elizabeth I established the English Church= the Anglican Church |
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