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| Why does the # of the world-wide deaths due to natural disaster change dramatically from year to year |
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Definition
| the reporting was inaccurate |
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| Why are the costs of natural disasters increasing |
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| there are more human infrastructure as time goes on |
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| What % of the earth’s population is at risk of earthquakes |
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| What continent has historically had the largest loss of life due to natural disaster |
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| Earth’s population will double again in: |
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| Earth loses most of its heat by: |
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| Since it formed, earth has used up almost this % of its radioactive fuel |
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| In continental drift theory |
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| continental crust slides over the ocean crust |
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| In plate tectonic theory: |
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| date things that are 1000's of years old |
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| Most abundant element in the earth |
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| Most abundant element in the crust |
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| Chemical layer made of iron is: |
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| Continental collision produces |
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| Ocean plate subduction produces: |
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| The main force driving plate motion is: |
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| The history of plate motion is known as |
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| Most earthquakes occur on |
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| The most powerful earthquakes occur on |
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| Deep earthquakes occur on |
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| Compared to normal lithosphere divergent plate boundaries are: |
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| The Izmit earthquakes occurred on a |
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| said scientific theories must contain statements that can be proven false observe theorize predict test prediction |
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Term
| what 2 leaders account for a majority of the natural disasters |
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| earthquakes and hurricanes make up 77% |
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| earth's origin KANT's theory |
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| initial state: cloud of gas, ice, & dust contraction: gravity flattening into a disk formation: collapse to orbiting spherical clusters |
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| initial state: homogeneous mass bout b.y. ago heating: compaction, impacts, & radioactivity core formation: iron catastrophe internal & external structure: desity layers form 4 b.y. ago |
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| what are the 2 most abundant resources in the whole earth? |
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| what are the two most abundant elements in the earth's crust? |
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| mantel flows under loads earth surface sinks and rises weight of overlying rock equal all over the earth |
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| uniform, density, variable thickness layer underlain by denser material |
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| compositional layers of the earth |
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| crust: oxygen and silicon; 7 km mantel: oxygen, silicon, magnesium, & iron 40 km core: iron 2,880 km |
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| physical layers of the earth |
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| lithosphere: rigid; 0-125 aesthenophere: weak plastic; 125-350 mesosphere: strong plastic; 350-2880 outer core: liquid; 883-5140 inner core: solid; 5140-6371 |
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| is permenant by fracturing -brittle strength increases with confining pressure -its insensitive to temperature |
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| permenant by plastic flow -it decreases with increasing temperature -if rich w/silica= low ductile strength |
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| -higher temps at shallower depths -decrease in overall strength -thinner brittle zones |
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| -lower temps for greater depths -increased overall -thicker brittle zones |
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| -spontaneous break up -half-life |
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Term
| continental drift (Wegener) |
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Definition
| -pangea: one large continent that broke into several ones over time -strong points: expain mountains and such -weak point: driving force? -evidence: fossils,glaciers and mountains |
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| weak points of the continental drift |
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Definition
| -there's not a strong enough force to slide contental crust over oceanic crust -slip mechanism: continents couldn't move intact and both crust would deform |
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| theory of tectonic plates |
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Definition
| 13 large plates that include both oceanic and contiental -motion: slide over each other, collide,or move apart |
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| are linear belts of altering high and low magnetic field strength |
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| you date the sea floor by... |
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| -base it on reversal history -matching sea floor magnetic anomilies |
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| along chains of volcanos with consistant age progression |
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| cold ocean plate sinks into subduction zones uinder its own wieght -submerged plate pulls remaining plate |
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| -ocean plate seperates at spreading ridges -aesthenophere flows upward to fill the viod - upwelling asthenosphere melts and boyancy uplifts the ridge -ocean plates slide off the ridge (lava lamp demonstration) |
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| have few and not as severe earthquakes -high temp decreases ductile strength at geotherm -size 5 sometimes 6 or 7 |
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| plates slide over each other -temp is normal -bends influence the size of the earthquakes -size some 5-6 while others 7-8 |
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oceanic lithosphere sinks beneath the continent
-causes formation of mountains
-high number of these
-biggest kindsare here
-temp here is cold and has brittle rock |
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