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| A generalization that reflects our impressions and beliefs about a broad category of people. All stereotypes carry an image of what the typical member of a particular group is like. |
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| An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and make predictions |
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| Specific assertions and predictions that can be tested. |
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| View of development involving 5 environmental systems, ranging from fine-grained inputs of direct interaction to broad-based inputs of culture. We discussed 4: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem |
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| The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span |
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Descriptive
Correlational
Experimental |
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| Three debates in Development |
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Nature Vs Nurture
Continuity Vs Discontinuity
Early Vs Later Experience |
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-Goes beyond describing phenomena
-helps predict how people will behave
-describes the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics
-correlative does not mean causation |
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-The cause was the factor being manipulated
The effect is the behavior that changed because of the manipulation
-all experiments involve at least one independent variable and one dependent variable
-The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated
-The dependent variable is the factor that is measured |
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| HPG axis and the structures involved |
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Definition
| The feedback loop that regulates the levels of sex hormones. The structures involved are the Hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the gonads |
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| Biological changes of adolescence that involve changes in a young person's physical appearance and the development of the ability to conceive children |
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| Leading causes of death in adolescence |
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-Car accidents and other unintentional injuries
-homicide and suicide
-illness and disease |
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-The second decade of life
-A period of transitions: biological, psychological, social and economic |
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Thinking about thinking
-Increased introspective thinking, self-conscious thinking and intellectualization |
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| Forms of adolescent egocentrism |
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| Imaginary audience and personal fable |
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-Sensory Motor (birth-2yrs)
-Pre-operational (2-6 yrs)
-Concrete Operational (6-11yrs)
-Formal Operations ( 11+yrs) |
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| The individual comes to be recognized as an adult |
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| People sharing the same social experiences, i.e. graduating class, fraternity or sorority pledge class, etc. |
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| A behavior that is only problematic because of the young person's status as a juvenile |
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| A crime where age is irrelevant, i.e. arson, theft, assault |
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| Authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and indifferent |
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| Secure attachment and insecure attachment |
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-infants who used their mother as a secure base from which to explore the environment
-An important foundation for the psychological development in childhood, adolescence and adulthood |
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-Infants avoid attachment or show resistance or ambivalence toward the caregiver
-Related to difficulties in relationships and problems in later development |
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| place a high value on obedience and conformity |
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| behave in an accepting, benign, and somewhat passive way |
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| minimize the time and energy the devote to interacting with their child |
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| The belief that everyone is watching and evaluating one's behavior. It is usually brought on by self-consciousness |
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| Adolescent's belief that he or she is unique and therefore not subject to the rules that govern other people's behavior |
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| immediate settings for development (family, peers) |
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| Layer formed by 2 or more immediate settings (home-school linkage) |
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| Layer that does not directly affect the person but affects their setting (parent's work) |
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| outermost later of environment (history, culture) |
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