Term
| What happens if auditory tube blocked? |
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Definition
| Sensation of ear popping, from Middle ear pressure not being equalized. Ear pain from tensed or stretched ear drum. Muffled noise. |
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Term
| Is taste perception same as taste sensation? |
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Definition
| No, Sensation is electrical |
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Term
| Influence smell have on perception of taste |
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Definition
| Taste is 80% smell. Detected by sensory cells --> chemorecptors turns it to electrical energy to the brain. |
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Term
| What happens when alarm resistance fails to cope With stressor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are characteristics of alarm reaction? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic stimulation of body and adrenal medulla. Activities That counteract immediate danger. Initial reaction to stressor and Activated by nervous system. |
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Term
| Characteristics of resistance reaction |
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Definition
| Slow to start and longer lived. Fights stressors after alarm reaction gives out. Various regulating factors cause hormone to release. |
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Term
| How do alarm and resistance reactions fit together? |
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Definition
| When one fails the other takes over. |
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Term
| Name the two phases of general adaptation. |
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Definition
| Alarm reaction and resistance reaction. |
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Term
| Name two different types of stress. |
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Definition
Distress and eustress.
Dis=good for you (test)
Eus=(bad-loosing arm) |
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Term
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Definition
| Any stress that initiates GAS (bacteria, bleeding, emotions) |
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Term
| Define general adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
| Opposite of homeostasis: gears up body to deal with stress. |
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Term
| How does general adaptation Relate to fight or flight. |
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Definition
| Alarm reaction stimulated by Sympathetic |
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Term
| What could happen if you could stop your thymus from atrophying? |
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Definition
| With older age your immune system would be boosted and infinite immunity. |
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Term
| Name pineal gland function |
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Definition
Secretes melatonin hormone, Peak levels at night = sleepy.
Receive impulse from visual pathway.
Antigonadatropic prevents early puberty. |
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Term
| down regulation with diabetes |
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Definition
| Down regulation with type 2 diabetes due to Non responsive insulin receptors causing insulin Resistance. Too much insulin in blood |
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Term
| Up regulation with diabetes. |
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Definition
| Temporary fix for type 1 diabetes short term. autoimmune/beta |
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Term
| Type 1 diabetes description |
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Definition
| Insulin dependent. Fixed with insulin injections. Thought to be juvenile. auto immune to beta cells. Glucose unavailable cross use fatty Acid causing lipidemia and high blood cholesterol. Body destroys islets. |
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Term
| Type 2 diabetes description |
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Definition
| Non-insulin dependent formerly adult onset. Due to un-responsive insulin receptors. Can be down regulated and adiposecytes produce chemical that inhibits glucose transport. Controlled by diet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in pancreas in the pancreatic islets of langerhans of endocrine. Releasing glucagon that releases blood glucose. Targets-Liver to release glucose into blood |
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Term
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Definition
Produce insulin that DECREASES blood glucose.
Most numerous in islets in pancreas and targets all body cells: insulin=51 aa proteins |
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Term
| Can we survive without alpha and beta cells? |
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Definition
| Without beta cells we produce no insulin. Alpha and beta cells control insulin levels and alpha cells are |
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Term
| Affects of altering hormonal trigger glucose |
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Definition
Increase releases more glucagon
Decrease less glucagon |
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Term
| Name layers (zonas) of adrenal gland |
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Definition
| Glomerulosa: fasciculate: reticularis |
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Term
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Definition
Mineralcorticoids - ion balance
Aldosterone stimulated by high potassium and low sodium and low blood pressure that looses potassium and gain sodium.
Ions control here not ACTH |
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Term
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Definition
Glucocorticoids-metabolic hormone
Cortisol(hc)-Which is formed from glucose, fats/proteins
Enough cortisol=anti-inflam/anti-immune |
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Term
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Definition
Glucocorticoids and gonadocoticoids
Mainly androgens(male) + Testosterone both sexes.
Little estrogen produced. |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamines
80%epinephrine(Heart and metabolism)
20% nor-epinephrine(vasoconstriction) |
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Term
| What is more important to children regarding calcitonin or PTH? |
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Definition
| Calcitonin important due to stimulating osteoblasts that build bone. Lowers blood ca++. It is located in the thyroid and humoral |
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Term
| What hormone is important for adults? |
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Definition
PTH, it stimulates osteoclasts that tear down bone. And increases blood ca++
Humoral and in parathyroid of thyroid |
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Term
| What would Happen if we were to inject Ca++ into blood? |
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Definition
| Increase calcitonin and stimulate osteoclasts.This cause health issues like blood clots. |
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Term
| Hormonal organs structures |
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Definition
| Endocrine glands--hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonad(testies). |
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Term
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Definition
Hypothalamus secretes hormones, stimulating anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
Also tropic |
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Term
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Definition
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers stimulate adrenal medulla cells in CNS that secrete catecholamines (epinephrine and nor epinephrine)
Not common |
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Term
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Definition
| Capillary blood contains low concentration of Ca++which stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH) by parathyroid gland. |
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Term
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Definition
Level of something in the body fluids controls gland
K+ levels stimulates aldosterone Release
Glucose stimulates insulin
Humor=fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| Nervous system can cause hormone release |
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Term
| Organs of endocrine system |
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Definition
| Pituitary (hypophysis), posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pineal glands, thymus. |
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Term
| Tropic releasing hormones |
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Definition
| Corticotropin releasing hormone, thyrotropin releasing hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone, |
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