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| abiotic features of ecosystems |
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| The non living factors that effect an ecosystem eg weather, soil, light |
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| When light is totally taken into a substance ie there is no reflection – usually associated with black surfaces |
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| Any change in velocity measured in ms-2 |
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| Acid + carbonate salt + carbon dioxide + water |
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Acid + metal salt + hydrogen
Eg hydrochloric acid + magnesium magnesium chloride + hydrogen |
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| The earth is thought to be about 4600 million years old. |
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| First life is thought to have evolved about 2000 million years ago |
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| The part of the earth just below the crust |
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| The theory of the origin of the universe where the universe commenced with a large explosion when energy was turned into matter. |
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| The use of technology to help develop new substances and techniques for studying living things eg changing bacteria to produce antibiotics – can have many benefits to society – can create problems |
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| biotic features of ecosystems |
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| The living things that effect an ecosystem. They can include food, predators, parasites |
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| When liquids reach their boiling point. The energy required to turn a liquid into a gas. |
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| The process where cells divide to form new cells. Mitosis – identical cells produced, meiosis – cells with half chromosome number(sex cells) |
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| change of state and energy |
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| When energy is increased in a substance its state can change from solid to liquid to gas. In order to reverse this ie gas to liquid to solid you must take energy away |
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| Any chemical or substance that changes colour in an acid or base |
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| When two or more chemicals are combines and a new chemical/s are formed. |
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| The process of separating different substances, liquids, by allowing them to move along a material that absorbs the substances at different rates. Eg separating black texta ink on blotting paper |
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| Threadlike structures found in the nucleus of most cells that carry genetic information on genes. There are 46 chromosomes in a human body cell |
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A short hand way of representing an electric circuit. Typical symbols include
Conductor(wire) lamp
Resistor open switch |
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| Responsible for the transport of materials throughout the body. Contains blood, (red, white, platelets) plasma, hormones, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, heat |
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| The arrangement of organisms into groups based on physical characteristics. |
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| A chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen quickly to produce heat eg burning petrol |
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| Two or more elements chemically bonded together. They cannot be separated by physical means. Eg water. |
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| When gas particles loose enough energy so they cool and become a liquid eg when steam touches a cool surface energy is lost from thew steam and it turns to water |
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| A method of transferring heat energy from one point of high temperature to another along a substance(medium) |
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| The sensible use of the earths resources |
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| Any organism that eats producer organisms in order to survive |
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| A method of transferring heat from one point to another in a fluid by the movement of the fluid. Hot fluids rise, cool fluids move in to take their place |
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| The central part of the earth – composed of iron |
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| A chemical reaction between a metal and oxygen that usually occurs slowly eg rusting iron |
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| The process of forming crystals from a liquid or gas eg forming crystals of sugar from sugar cane liquid |
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| The number of electrons that pass a point in a circuit every second – measures in amperes (amps) A |
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| The breakdown of organic matter into simpler substances |
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The mass of a substance divided by the volume – density is measured in kgm-3
Kilograms per cubic meter |
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| The placement of moved material at a point on the earth. Usually associated with rivers washing silt and “depositing” out to sea |
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| Responsible for breaking down raw food into chemicals( proteins, carbohydrates etc) that the body can use. Useful products are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi. mouth oesophagusstomach small intestine large intestine bowel anus |
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| How far an object travels – measured in metres |
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| The process of boiling a liquid and cooling the vapour to separate substances with different boiling points |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid – a chemical that makes up chromosomes |
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| The shock that results from the movement of the earth beneath the earth. Can be measured with a seismometer. The Geiger scale is a scale of earthquake intensity |
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| A collection of organisms and the environment in which they live |
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| A form of energy that is due to electrically charged particles (electrons which have a negative charge) |
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| The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Includes radio waves, infra red waves, light waves, x rays, gamma rays |
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| A small negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus in shells |
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| A charge a body gains as a result of gaining or loosing electrons. This can happen as a result of friction(rubbing) or by being touched by another charged object. |
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| A substance that cannot be decomposed (broken down) into a simpler substance. There are 92 naturally occurring elements and these can be found on the periodic table |
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| The movement of weathered material(broken down) from pone place to another by wind, water, gravity |
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| When particles gain enough energy to escape from a liquid as a gas. Eg water molecules when heated can gain enough energy to escape the liquid as a gas. |
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| The process where energy is provided to a liquid that allows the liquid to turn to a gas |
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| The slow change in organisms over time |
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| Responsible for the removal of wastes from the body – includes skin, kidneys, bladder |
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| A process of separating substances using a filter. Eg separating sand from water using a filter paper. |
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| A list of organisms linked by who they eat and how energy flows. |
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