Term
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Definition
HW moves down wrt FW
Accommodates horizontal crustal extension and vertical crustal thinning
Place younger rocks on older rocks |
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Term
| Evidence for Listric shape at depth |
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Definition
1) Hanging blocks tilted toward fault
2) Roll over anticlines
3) Growth Faults |
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Term
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Definition
| Gently dipping portion of normal fault found at depth |
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Term
| Why are there gently dipping faults? |
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Definition
1) Listric shape and erosion
2) Proffett's rule: Older listric faults cross-cut by younger listric faults, results in older faults rotating towards the HW, becoming more gently dipping |
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Term
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Definition
| Uplifted block; FW bound by 2 conjugate normal faults |
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Term
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Definition
| Downdropped region (HW) bound by 2 conjugate normal faults |
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Term
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Definition
| Down-dropped region found by non-conjugate faults |
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Term
| Why do normal faults form? |
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Definition
1) Horizontal extension (Continental rifting)
2) Response to flexure (hinge region of fold)
3) Collapse (volcanoes) |
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Term
| What are Metamorphic Core Complexes and why are they important? |
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Definition
Long, gently dipping normal fault with a lot of slip (extension)
First recognized in Basin and Range Province |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rock formed as a result of ductile deformation, exposed due to normal faulting |
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Term
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Definition
Meso/macro scale
At a high angle to the main structures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Largest type of strike-slip, cuts through crust |
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Term
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Definition
HW moves up wrt FW
Places older rocks on younger rocks
Accommodates horizontal crustal shortening and vertical thinning |
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Term
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Definition
| Moved very far from its place of origin |
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Term
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Definition
| Thrust sheet that has not moved far from its place of origin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Angle that bedding makes with a fault |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Series of listric faults that all dip in the same direction and overlap and join together |
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Term
| How to find age of faults? |
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Definition
| Younger faults form below and in front of older faults |
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Term
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Definition
Made up of 2 or more horses
Contain root and floor faults |
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Term
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Definition
| A block of rock bound on all sides by faults |
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Term
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Definition
| Bottom of the thrust - sole thrust |
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Term
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Definition
Material moves away from the Hinterland toward the Foreland
Fold-thrust belts
Fold hinge typically perpendicular to transport direction and parallel to thrusts |
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Term
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Definition
| Convex towards foreland, frontal ramps and/or more sediment to transport |
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Term
| Recesses (Transverse zones) |
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Definition
| Concave to foreland, lateral ramps and more or less sediment |
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Term
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Definition
| Fault forms faster than motion of HW |
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Term
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Definition
| HW starts moving and folding and formation of fault lags behind. Creates steep/overturned forelimb. May simply be deformation at fault tip. |
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Term
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Definition
| Erosion through the HW of a fault, FW surrounded by HW |
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Term
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Definition
| Island of HW surrounded on all sides FW |
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Term
| Forward (Normal) Thrusting |
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Definition
| Younger thrust form below and in front of older thrusts |
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Term
| Out of sequence thrusting |
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Definition
| Younger thrusts form in HW of older thrusts |
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Term
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Definition
| Reconstruct and track motion history |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Distortion (shape change)
Dilation (size change)
Measured by strain!! Ratio of undeformed/deformed |
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Term
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Definition
Straight lines remain straight
Parallel lines remain parallel
Ratios remain unchanged |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures angle between 2 initially perpendicular lines |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines parallel to L1 and L3 don't rotate "coaxial" |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines parallel to L1 and L3 rotate (non-coaxial) |
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