Term
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Definition
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Term
| "Good" stress responses help you learn... |
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Definition
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Term
| I'm so stressed that it's long lasting, I'm producing... |
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Definition
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Term
| Not managing stress well, this structure is the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Gene imparts either vulnerability or mood disorder resilience |
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Definition
| Seratonin transporting gene 5-H |
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Term
| What is the name for the body's physiological reaction to perceived stressors |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key component of adult nurturing behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis |
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Term
| Caused by neuronal up-regulation to a neuro-transmitting substance. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the type of plasticity in which you sprout a new neural connection when you have an "ah-ha" moment. |
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Definition
| Experience-Dependent plasticity |
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Term
| This happens at the neural synapse when the body adapts to too much of a neurotransmitter substance. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 substances that seem most influential in altering the developing an infant's stress system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the technique where electrical signals are used to try and teach individuals to mindfully change their ANS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for the method by which neurons travel from their origin or birth place to their final position in the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of plasticity involves the strong effect of specific experiences during limited sensitive periods of development? |
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Definition
Experience-Expectant plasticity
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Term
| What is the Reticular Activating System? |
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Definition
| The area of the brain responsible for regulating arousal and sleep-wake transitions. |
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Term
| This system is responsible for emotional thought processes. |
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Definition
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Term
| ANNS branches from 2nd part of human nervous system |
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Definition
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Distress: chronic & alostatic load |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This person defined "stress" in the early 1900's as the fight or flight response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Can't escape the cell phone or laptop |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| An added source of female stress |
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Definition
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Term
| Internally produced pain relievers |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Candace Pert's model of how stress effects health do? |
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Definition
| Links emotions and mind-body communication |
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Term
| The thyroxine axis is responsible for a __________ response in the immune system under periods of stress. |
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Definition
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Term
| Per the Gerber model, disease ____________________ |
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Definition
| originates in energy field imbalances |
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Term
| Ulcers happen most of the time, when? |
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Definition
| Rebounding Chronic stress and a common stomach bacteria |
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Term
| Stress & Depression increase the risk for _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reason that depression & stress increase the risk of cardiac disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are a baboon in the wild and you are stressed, why are you most likely stressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: Your rank or job affects your stress levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was the baboon tribe tamer after the death of their suppressive members? |
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Definition
| The hierarchical class was gone and every member became caring and social and they bred more social and caring baboons. |
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Term
| What does cortisol do at different times of day? |
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Definition
| It increases in the morning and decreases in the evening |
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Term
| What does the sympathetic nervous system do? |
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Definition
| Increases the body's processes and organ activity, concentrates blood flow to important organs |
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Term
| What are the 3 systems in the stress response? |
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Definition
| Immune, Nervous, and Endocrine |
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Term
| This principal describes an optimal stress level for performance |
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Definition
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Term
| The body location where all WBC are produced |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the strongest characteristic in a stress resistant personality. |
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Definition
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Term
| This natural and good stressor is linked with endorphin release. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is another term for chronic stress. |
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Definition
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Term
| This condition is characterized by acute episodes of anxiety and stress following an event. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
These substances are part of the immune systems complements and seem quite sensitive to emotions.
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Definition
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Term
This system triggers metabolism as part of a stress response
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Definition
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Term
Time urgency, multitasking, hyper-competitiveness
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Definition
| Characteristics of a type-D personality |
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Term
This form of the immune system learns about bacteria and viruses and then develops protections
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Definition
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Term
Commitment, control and challenge are characteristics of the personality type
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Definition
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Term
Natural immune system surpressor
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Definition
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Term
Levels of this enzyme increase in the hippocampus during long lasting stress that you don’t have control over and can lead to distorted thinking a strange behavior
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Definition
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Term
People who experience stress age faster because these get shorter
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Definition
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Term
This, plus a weakened immune system response and acid causes ulcers
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Definition
Helicobacter pylori bacteria
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Term
I’m getting thinner because of the stress I am responding to. I must produce higher levels of this
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Definition
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Term
These WBC produce antibodies
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Definition
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Term
These 3 substances are primarily responsible for acute stress response designed to mobilize. The 3rd continues the longer the stress is there
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Definition
Epinephine, Norepinephire, Cortisol
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Term
What is the parasympathetic rebound?
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Definition
| What causes relaxation after a stressful situation. Can cause death if it over compensates |
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Term
What is the primary neurotransmitter for the PNS?
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Definition
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Term
What is the nerve that the PNS goes through?
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Definition
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Term
In this state, cortisol levels naturally decline
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Definition
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Term
This personality type usually perceives themselves as a victim with an external locus of control
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Definition
| Helpless-hopeless personality type |
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Term
| We gather information about temperature, but what are we really interested in? |
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Definition
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Term
| PKC is found under what conditions in animals & humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the adrenal gland produce epinephrine & norepinephrine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the adrenal gland produces cortisol? |
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Definition
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Term
Dr. Lazar (in-class movie) found that during deep meditation,
the ______was highly engaged, suggesting mindful vigilance. |
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Definition
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Term
| What brain structure pays close attention to things we need for survival (like food) as well keeping watch over our internal states....like meditation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of all disease and illness are stress related? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Richard Lazarus' view of stress? |
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Definition
| Stress is the state of anxiety produced when events and responsibilities exceed one's coping abilities. |
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Term
| What is Walter Cannon's view of stress? |
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Definition
| An acute response to environmental challenges |
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Term
| What is Hans Selye's view of stress? |
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Definition
| Stress is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed upon it to adapt, whether that demand produces pleasure or pain. |
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Term
| What does GAS stand for? What is it? |
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Definition
General Adaptation Syndrome; 1. Alarm 2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion |
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Term
| What are the 3 (4) options of the Stress Response? |
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Definition
| 1. Flight 2. Fight 3. Fear 4. Sex |
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Term
| What is the stress response suppose to do? What is it not fit for? |
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Definition
| Meant to support stress reactions that use both physical and mental abilities to protect, withdraw, fight...; It was not meant for a lot of modern stressors |
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Term
| True/False: Arousal does not happen for nonphysical stressors |
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Definition
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Term
| Both real and _________ stress can cause a reaction. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of the stress response? |
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Definition
1. Stimuli
2. Flight, Fight, Fear
3. Body remains aroused until threat is over
4. Body returns to homeostasis |
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Term
| Increased heart rate, blood rate, ventilation, serum glucose levels, free fatty acid mobilization, blood clotting in the extremities, muscular strength, perspiration to cool body core temperature are symptoms of_______________ |
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Definition
| The Stress Response, Fight or Flight |
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Term
| What are the three types of stress? |
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Definition
1. Eustress
2. Neustress
3. Distress |
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Term
| What are the three types of stressors? |
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Definition
1. Bio-ecological
2. Psycho-intra-personal
3. Social |
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Term
| What are some of the newer types of stressors? |
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Definition
| Techno-stress, College stress, occupational stress |
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Term
| What is the Tend & Befriend theory? |
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Definition
| A second stress response that is hardwired into women's DNA and revealed through hormones, it is to nest and nurture; women will still fight or flee if need be |
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Term
| "I'm an old man now, and I've known a great many problems in my life, most of which never happened." |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the ways we can learn about stress? |
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Definition
1. Physiology (stress hormones)
2. Blood pressure, secondary stress effects
3. Wound healing |
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Term
| Why is measuring stress complex? |
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Definition
| Requires multiple scores: mood, trait tendencies, social connectedness; ability to measure it improves with addition of physical measures like stress hormones & wound healing |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of gathering information about specific physiological functions such as: heart rate, respiration, and body temperature |
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Term
| What are the 3 phases of biofeedback? |
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Definition
1. Awareness of physiological response
2. Control of physiological response
3. Application of reconditioned response in everyday routines |
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Term
| Biofeedback can teach you to reduce_________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 EEG states (brain frequency bands)? |
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Definition
1. Delta (deep sleep)
2. Theta (creative states-unfocused)
3. Alpha (relaxed-conscious but tranquil, healing)
4. Beta (Low(focused) Mid(active thinking) High(agitation, alertness)) |
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Term
| What are the 3 A&P systems involved in the stress response? |
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Definition
1. The nervous system (CNS & PNS)
2. The endocrine system
3. The immune system |
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Term
| CNS (Central Nervous System) |
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Definition
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Term
| PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) |
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Definition
| all neural pathways to the extremities |
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Term
| The 3 basic levels of the brain: |
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Definition
1. Vegetative
2. Limbic
3. Neocortical |
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Term
| What makes up the Vegetative level? |
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Definition
| Reticular Activating System & Brain Stem |
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Term
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Definition
| Neural fibers linking the brain to the spinal column (bridge between mind & body), located in the Pons. Ascending connects: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Cortex; Descending connects: Cerebellum, Sensory nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of the: Pons, Medulla oblongata, mesencephalon; Is responsible for involuntary functions of the human body |
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Term
| What is the Limbic system? |
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Definition
| Emotional control center, responsible for stress response; made up of the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Pituitary gland |
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Term
| What is the Neocortical level do? |
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Definition
| sensory information is processed, cognition takes place, can influence emotion and involuntary control |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains SNS & PNS; Regulates visceral activities and vital organs (circulation, digestion, respiration, temperature regulation) |
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Term
| The 2 branches of the ANS act to ___________________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Activates organs- speeds up |
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Term
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Definition
| Slows organs -slows body processes |
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Term
| What 3 Catecholamines does the SNS use? |
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Definition
| Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine |
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Term
| What system will supply the skeletal muscle with blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which body system is dominated by the vagus nerve and it's purpose is conservation and relaxation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetylcholine is used by the ___________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What glands of the Endocrine system are involved in the stress response? |
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Definition
| Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal |
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Term
| HPA (ACTH), Vasopressin axis, Thyroxine axis are all... |
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Definition
| Metabolic pathways (axes) that have been created by the joining of the nervous system and endocrine system |
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Term
| What does the HPA (ACTH) pathway do? |
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Definition
Hypothalamus- sends out CRH
Pituitary -makes ACTH from CRH
ACTH -through blood to adrenals
to make cortisol
When cortisol is released with epinephrine, it raises blood sugar to mobilize energy |
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Term
| What does the PNS do in non-stressed conditions? |
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Definition
| maintains homeostasis through ACh (acetylcholine), energy conservation, growth, digestion, procreation, body maintenance |
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Term
| How fast do neurons pass information? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is "white matter" in the brain? |
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Definition
| nerve axons and dendrites covered in myelin |
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Term
| What is "gray matter" in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the immediate effects of stress? |
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Definition
In 2-3 seconds: Increased heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, vigilance, digestion slows/stops; CRH begins to release (hypothalamus)
In 20-30 seconds: Continued racing heart, breathing, feelings of anxiousness, panic, strength (epinephrine, norepinephrine) |
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Term
| What are the prolonged effects of stress? |
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Definition
| CRH (hypothalamus), ACTH, Vasopressin, TRH (pituitary), Thyroxine (thyroid), Cortisol (adrenal glands) |
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Term
| How is cortisol regulated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vasopressin axis? |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus to Pituitary: regulates blood pressure |
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Term
What is the Thyroxine axis?
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Definition
Hypothalamus- TRH Thyroid releasing hormone
Pituitary- TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroid- Thyroxine, maintains metabolic function in body |
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Term
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Definition
| may block some cortisol receptors and may have antidepressant effects |
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Term
| Positive mood enhancer is _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Critical for sleep is ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This hormone is produced to sustain pregnancy: |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 things that can result from a repeated exposure to cortisol: |
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Definition
1. Increase of aging process of the brain
2. damages/shrinks brain tissue
3. damage appears to be irreversible |
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Term
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Definition
| change or growth potential (brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| potential for change and adaptation in the brain |
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Term
| How many cells make up the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many genes does human DNA contain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: What you experience can alter your genetic make-up. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 things that Neurons do? |
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Definition
1. Proliferate -increase in number in the fetus
2. Migrate -move to various regions of the brain in fetus
3. Differentiate -increase in size, complexity, functioning in the infant
4. Prune Back -unused connections in the older infant/young child
5. Continue -make new connections throughout adulthood (in smaller numbers) |
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Term
| Heightened stress response, longer lasting stress response, decreased immune system, and impaired social skills are signs of _______________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do nutrition and prenatal stressors cause later in life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does FOAD stand for? |
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Definition
| Fetal Origins of Adult Diseases |
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Term
| How does cortisol affect bone growth? |
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Definition
| Blocks calcium deposits to bones |
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Term
| What can increased prenatal stress do to a male fetus? |
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Definition
| demasculinize; cortisol and CRH block testosterone receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Seratonin transporter gene |
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Term
| Longer 5-HTT's have __________ levels and are ______________efficient, while shorter 5-HTT's have _______________ levels and are _____________ transporting. |
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Definition
| higher, more; lower, slower |
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Term
| "The body is the battlefield for the war games of the mind." |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Coined by Robert Adler around 1980 to explain the integrative dynamics of mind and body: the study of the intricate interaction of consciousnesses, brain and CNS and body's defense against external infection and internal aberrant cell division. |
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Term
| What does Lymph system do? |
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Definition
| absorption of excess fluids and its return to the blood stream, absorption of fat and the immune system function |
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Term
| What are the Lymph organs? |
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Definition
| bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus |
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Term
| What is the spleen, what does it do? |
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Definition
| filled with blood, is a reservoir for blood that filters or purifies the blood and lymph that flows through it. If the spleen is damaged or removed the person is more susceptible to infection |
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Term
| What is phagocytosis for? |
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Definition
| To defend the body against bacteria, human neutrophils (WBC) ingest invading pathogens like E. coli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another WBC responsible for killing microbes is ingesting yeast |
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Term
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Definition
| acts as both a pro-inflammatory and an anti-inflammatory cytokine |
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Term
| What is a T-Cytotoxic cell? |
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Definition
| T-cells release cytokines, which then make them sensitive to markers on other cells that should be destroyed. They also get tumor cells |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease sensitivity of t-cells to antibodies, keep t-cells in check so they do not turn on healthy tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase antibody sensitivity of T-cells. Regulatory cells of the immune system. |
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Term
| Why is a natural killer unique? |
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Definition
| they do not need "markers" or antibodies on invaders to go after them, "extra-intelligent T-cells" |
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Term
| What is a normal WBC Count? |
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Definition
| 4,000-11,000 cells in 1 uL of blood |
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Term
| How does one get a stress-related ulcer? |
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Definition
| Certain behaviors degrade the lining of the stomach, in times of stress the body cuts back on hydrochloric acid secretion, in response the body cuts back on the lining of the stomach a bit, stress ends & you eat a lot, lots of acid pours into an unprepared stomach & further degrades the lining |
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Term
| What are the problems associated with metabolism that can lead to diabetes? |
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Definition
| *Elevated insulin *Elevated glucose *Insulin resistance *Too much LDL *Too little HDL *Increased blood pressure |
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Term
| Under chronic stress _____________ increases.The body thinks it needs ________________to deal with the threats. |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| a protein hormone produced in the pancreas, is necessary for sugar and amino acid use in cells and regulation of blood sugar in the body |
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Term
| Those individuals who are frequently stressed and produce lots of CRH and some cortisol, tend to be ____________ hungry under stress. |
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Definition
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