Term
| patient prep for barium swallow esophagus |
|
Definition
| no preliminary prep is necessary |
|
|
Term
| difference between a single contrast exam and a double contrast exam |
|
Definition
single-barium only
double- high density barium and carbon dioxide crystals |
|
|
Term
| what the IR must be positioned to include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which oblique is preferred for the barium swallow and why? |
|
Definition
| RAO. LAO- the esophagus is obstructed more by other structures |
|
|
Term
| degree of obliquity for esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which general position the patient is in for the esophagus radiographs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which position is used to demonstrate esophageal varices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CR for oblique esophagus projection |
|
Definition
| 2 inches lateral to elevated side and centered to IR |
|
|
Term
| patient position for lateral esophagus |
|
Definition
| lying on right or left side with arms placed in front of patient |
|
|
Term
| evaluation criteria for oblique esophagus projection |
|
Definition
| esophagus between the vertebra and the heart |
|
|
Term
| how barium is administered to the patient for barium swallow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to demonstrate the entire esophagus full of barium on a radiograph |
|
Definition
| make exposure while patient is swallowing |
|
|
Term
| why barium tablet is used |
|
Definition
| evaluate the lumen narrowing within the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| what swallowing dysfunction study is done |
|
Definition
| evaluates swallowing of patient due to stroke, trauma, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distal esophagus, stomach, and some or all of the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| why nicotine and chewing gum is also restricted when patient is to be NPO (nothing by mouth)? |
|
Definition
| stimulates gastric secretions |
|
|
Term
| 2 general procedures routinely done to examine the stomach |
|
Definition
| single and double contrast exams |
|
|
Term
| What the single UGI demonstrates |
|
Definition
- size, shape, position of stomach
- examine the changing contour of the stomach during peristalsis |
|
|
Term
| When overhead radiographs should be obtained |
|
Definition
| immediately after fluoro before any considerable amount of barium passes into the jejunum |
|
|
Term
| how patient is positioned when hiatal hernia is suspected |
|
Definition
| the head of the table may be lowered 25-30 degrees |
|
|
Term
| advantages of double contrast UGI vs single |
|
Definition
| small lesions are less easily obscured and the muscosal lining of stomach can be more clearly visualized |
|
|
Term
| why patient must not belch during double contrast exam |
|
Definition
| to ensure optimum amount of gas remains throughout the exam |
|
|
Term
| what might be given to patient to relax GI tract |
|
Definition
| glucagon intravenously or intramuscularly |
|
|
Term
| where is IR centered for PA UGI projection |
|
Definition
| 1-2 inches above angle of the ribs appx L1-L2 |
|
|
Term
| why immobilization bands are contraindicated for UGI |
|
Definition
| interferes with the emptying and filling of the duodenal bulb |
|
|
Term
| respiration for UGI images |
|
Definition
| suspend at end of expiration |
|
|
Term
| structures shown on PA UGI image |
|
Definition
| contour of the barium filled stomach and duodenal bulb |
|
|
Term
| 2 body positions for the obliques of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| degree of rotation for PA oblique UGI |
|
Definition
| 40-70 degrees with hypersthenic patients requiring greater rotation |
|
|
Term
| what patient require the greater degree of rotation in PA oblique projection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structures shown on PA oblique UGI image |
|
Definition
pyloric canal
duodenal bulb and loop in profile |
|
|
Term
| what is placed under patient on the ap oblique ugi projection for immobilization of patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the body of the stomach located in AP oblique projection |
|
Definition
| a point midway between xiphoid process and lower margin of ribs |
|
|
Term
| degree of obliquity for AP oblique UGI on the average sized patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structures shown on AP oblique UGI image |
|
Definition
| the fundus of the stomach, barium in the fundus |
|
|
Term
| what the right lateral UGI projection demonstrates |
|
Definition
| right retrogastric space, duodenal loop, duodenojejunal |
|
|
Term
| CR for right lateral UGI in the upright and recumbent positions |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to the center of IR at the level of L1-L2 (1-2" above lower rib margin) for recumbent and L3 for upright |
|
|
Term
| how to check on the radiograph of the lateral UGI if patient is in true lateral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where ir is centered for AP ugi projection |
|
Definition
| between the xiphoid and lower rib margin L1-L2 |
|
|
Term
| 3 ways barium can be administered into the small bowel |
|
Definition
-mouth
-complete reflux filling with large volume of barium
-direct injection into the bowel through intestinal tube called enteroclysis or small intestine enema |
|
|
Term
| common patient prep for exam of small intestine |
|
Definition
| soft or low-residue diet for 2 days before the study; food and fluid withheld after the evening meal and pateint must remain NPO; cleansing enema may be done to clear the colon |
|
|
Term
| what 2 positions patient is radiographed in for small bowel series |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supine and prone positions each demonstrate in exam for small intestine |
|
Definition
supine-prevent possible overlapping of the loops of the intestine
prone-compresses abdominal contents which increases radiographic quality |
|
|
Term
| when is 1st image taken after small bowel |
|
Definition
| 15 minutes after pateint has drank and finished barium |
|
|
Term
| time intervals of small bowel series images |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why coffee or tea is sometimes given to small bowel patients reaching 3-4 hour mark? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| centering for preliminary and delayed images of small bowel series |
|
Definition
-a little high than crest for 1st image
-delayed- center @ the crest |
|
|
Term
| What PA/AP small bowel projection demonstrates |
|
Definition
| small intesting progressively filling until barium reaches ileocecal valve |
|
|
Term
| when a small bowel series is over |
|
Definition
| once barium reaches the ileocecal valve and starts to enter into the cecum of lg intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injection of nutrient or medicinal liquid into the bowel |
|
|
Term
| describe the bowel enterocylsis exam including what is used to perform it |
|
Definition
| -the enteroclysis catheter with a stiff guidewire is advanced to the end of duodenum @ the duodenojejunal flexure |
|
|
Term
| type of catheter used on enterocylsis exams |
|
Definition
| retention balloon type of catheter |
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