Term
| abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
| Back pain, fever, night sweats, wieght loss |
|
Definition
| Pott's disease (vertebral TB) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burton's line (lead poisoning) |
|
|
Term
| Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
|
|
Term
| Cafe au lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty |
|
Definition
| McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Cherry red spot on macula |
|
Definition
| Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumilation), Neimann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion |
|
|
Term
| child w/ fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body |
|
Definition
| slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/5th dz: parvovirus B19) |
|
|
Term
| dilated cardiomyopathy, edema polyneruopathy |
|
Definition
| wet beriberi (thiamine/vitB def) |
|
|
Term
| erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
|
Definition
| Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides |
|
|
Term
| fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands |
|
Definition
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; incr cancer risk) |
|
|
Term
| hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neuro sx |
|
Definition
| gaucher's dz (glucocerebrosidase def) |
|
|
Term
| hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia |
|
Definition
| chronic bronchitis - hyperplasia of mucous cells |
|
|
Term
| infant w/ failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration |
|
Definition
| Neimann-Pick dz (genetic sphingomyelinase def) |
|
|
Term
| infant w/ hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Cori's dz (debranching enzyme def) |
|
|
Term
| infant w/ microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect |
|
Definition
| Edward's syn (trisomy 18) |
|
|
Term
| mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
|
Definition
| Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
|
|
Term
| multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
|
Definition
| gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP) |
|
|
Term
| myopathy (infantile HCM), exercise intolerance |
|
Definition
| pompe's dz (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| oscillating slow/fast breathing |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased ICP) |
|
|
Term
| painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| cold agglutinin dz (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cancer of pancreatic head obstructin bile duct |
|
|
Term
| polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalanaces |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 syphilis, coxsackie A, Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
|
Definition
| Hyper IgE syndrome = Job's syndrome - neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality |
|
|
Term
| red itchy swollen rash of nipple/areola |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of breast (represents underyling neoplasm) |
|
|
Term
| renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| von Hippel-Lindau dz (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation |
|
|
Term
| retinal hemorrhages w/ pale centers |
|
Definition
| Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| severe jaundice in neonate |
|
Definition
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia_ |
|
|
Term
| short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML) |
|
|
Term
| slow progressive muscle weakness in boys |
|
Definition
| Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchene's |
|
|
Term
| smooth flat moist white lesions on genetalia |
|
Definition
| condyloma lata (2 syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in male |
|
Definition
| Reactive arthritis assd w/ HLA-B27 |
|
|
Term
| vascular birthmark (port wine stain) |
|
Definition
| hemangioma (benighn, but associated w/ Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| waxy casts w/ low urine flow |
|
Definition
| chronic end stage renal dz |
|
|
Term
| weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
|
Definition
| Whipple's dz (tropheryma whippelli) |
|
|
Term
| anticentromere antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
|
Definition
| pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) |
|
|
Term
| antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) |
|
Definition
| vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegeners; p-ANCA: microscopin polyangitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) |
|
|
Term
| anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
|
Definition
| diffuse systemic scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| apple core lesion on abdominal xray |
|
Definition
| colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) |
|
|
Term
| azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
|
Definition
| Aur rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially promyelocytic [M3] type) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| streptococcus pyogenes (group A) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strep agalactiae (group B) |
|
|
Term
| boot shaped heart on xray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| branching gram + ros w/ sulfer granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic systs: due to 1) hyperparathyroidism, 2) osteitis fibrosa cystica |
|
|
Term
| cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy |
|
Definition
| chaga's dz (trypanosoma cruzi) |
|
|
Term
| circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
|
Definition
| Home Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
|
|
Term
| desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
|
Definition
| Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| dissarayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
|
Definition
| call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
|
|
Term
| dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ nuclear elargement and hyperchromasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei |
|
Definition
| "orphan annie eye" nuclei (papillary carcinoma of thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cells |
|
Definition
| mallory bodies (alcoholic liver dz) |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic globule in liver |
|
Definition
| councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| eosiniophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cell |
|
Definition
| rabies virus (lyssavirus) |
|
|
Term
| giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominant inclusions "owl eyes" |
|
Definition
| Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkins lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
| glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
|
Definition
| Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
|
|
Term
| hair on end (crew cut) appearance on x-ray |
|
Definition
| beta thallasemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| choriocarcinoma, hyditaform mole |
|
|
Term
| heart nodules (granulomatous) |
|
Definition
| aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
| hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
| bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) |
|
|
Term
| hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects) |
|
|
Term
| increased uric acid levels |
|
Definition
| gout, Lesch-Nyan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrom, loop and thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
|
Definition
| cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV) |
|
|
Term
| iron containing nodules in alveolar septum |
|
Definition
| ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma) |
|
|
Term
| large lysosomal vessicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency |
|
Definition
| Chediak-HIgashi dz (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) |
|
|
Term
| lead pipe appearance of colon on x-ray |
|
Definition
| ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra) |
|
|
Term
| lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
| poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b) |
|
|
Term
| mammary gland blue domed cyst |
|
Definition
| fibrocystic change of the breast |
|
|
Term
| mucin filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus |
|
Definition
| signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
|
Definition
| kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| onion skin periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| ewings sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells |
|
Definition
| reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| renal epithelial casts in urine |
|
Definition
| acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
|
|
Term
| sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology) |
|
Definition
| burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, assd w/ EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells) |
|
|
Term
| silver staining spherical aggregation of tau protiens in neurons |
|
Definition
| pick bodies (pick dz: progressive dementia, personality changes) |
|
|
Term
| soap bubble in femor or tibia on xray |
|
Definition
| giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
|
|
Term
| spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits |
|
Definition
| membranous glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma) |
|
|
Term
| stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| clue cells (gardenerella vaginalis) |
|
|
Term
| tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
|
Term
| thumb sign on lateral xray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thyroid like appearance of kidneys |
|
Definition
| chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| tram track appearance on LM |
|
Definition
| membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue |
|
Definition
| class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
probenecid (underexcretor);
allopurinol (overproducer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx chronic myelogenous leukemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corticosteroids, infliximab |
|
|
Term
| tx cryptococcus neoformans |
|
Definition
| fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS pts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxes (tobramycin/azithromycin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
desmopressin (central);
hydroclorthiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
| ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication |
|
Definition
| fimepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile) |
|
|
Term
| tx legionella pneumophila |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx malignant hyperthermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx neisseria meningitidis |
|
Definition
| penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis) |
|
|
Term
| tx prostate cancer/uterine fibroids |
|
Definition
| leuprolide, GnRH (continuous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx pseudomonal aeruginosa |
|
Definition
| antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| tx pulmonary hypertension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tetracycline, chloramphenicol (esp w/ aplastic anemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole |
|
|
Term
| tx schizophrenia (negative sx) |
|
Definition
| 5HT2A antagonists (olanzapine) |
|
|
Term
| tx schizophrenia (positive sx) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hydroxyurea (increase HbF) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infections, pneumonia);
vancomycin (meningitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sulfonamide + pyrimethamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx wegener's granulomatosis |
|
Definition
| cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| actinic (solar) keratosis |
|
Definition
| precursor to squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury |
|
Definition
| cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
|
Term
| acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burns |
|
Definition
| curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| dissecting aneurysm risk factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk for aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spitz nevus (most common in 1st 2 decades) |
|
|
Term
| bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency |
|
Definition
| Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > miningioma > schwannoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum);
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
|
|
Term
| most common breast cancer |
|
Definition
| infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. fibrocystic change in young women
2. carcinoma in postmenopausal women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. metastasis
2. 1 myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve") |
|
|
Term
| cardiac manifestation of lupus |
|
Definition
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affect both sides of mitral valve) |
|
|
Term
| cerebellar tonsillar herniation |
|
Definition
| Chiari malformation (often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia) |
|
|
Term
| chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) |
|
Definition
| predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
|
Term
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension |
|
Definition
| 21 hydroxylase deficiency |
|
|
Term
| congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
|
Definition
| Dubin-JOhnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
|
Term
| constrictive pericarditis MCC |
|
Definition
TB (developing world)
SLE (developed world) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. corticosteroid therapy
2. excess ACTH secretion by pituitary
3. small cell lung carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| MCC early cyanosis (less common) |
|
Definition
| tetrology of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriousus |
|
|
Term
| MCC late cyanosis (more common) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC glomerulonephritis (adults) |
|
Definition
| Berger's dz (IgA nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
| MCC gynecologic malignancy |
|
Definition
endometrial carcinoma (US)
cervical carcinoma (worldwide) |
|
|
Term
| MCC helminth infection in US |
|
Definition
enterobius vermicularis,
ascaris lubricoides |
|
|
Term
| MCC hereditary bleeding disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrom, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg |
|
|
Term
| infections in chronic granulomatous dz |
|
Definition
| staph aureus, E. coli, aspergillus (catalase +) |
|
|
Term
| late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L->R becomes R->L) |
|
Definition
| eisenmenger's syndrome (ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ALL
2. cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
|
Definition
| focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
|
Definition
| minimal change disease (assd w/ infections/vasccinations; tx w/ corticosteroids) |
|
|
Term
| mcc ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mcc ovarian tumor (malignant) |
|
Definition
| serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mcc pancreatitis (chronic) |
|
Definition
| alcohol (adults), CF (kids) |
|
|
Term
| age of pts w/ ALL, CLL, AML, CML |
|
Definition
All: child
CLL: >60
AML: ~60
CML: 30-60 |
|
|
Term
| mcc primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
| adenoma of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| primary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
1. adenomas
2. hyperplasia
3. carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
|
Definition
increased ventricular filling
L-> R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure (CHF) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stiff/hypertrophic ventricles (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemangioma (usually regress spontaneously) |
|
|
Term
| tumore of adrenal medula (kids vs adults) |
|
Definition
adults: pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
kids: neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
