Term
| Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Familial hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
| Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC |
|
Definition
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (meningiococcemia) |
|
|
Term
| Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints |
|
Definition
| Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect) |
|
|
Term
| Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
| Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis) |
|
|
Term
| Big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape |
|
Definition
| Babinski's sign (UMN lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
|
Definition
| Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burton's line (lead poisoning) |
|
|
Term
| Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
|
|
Term
| Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) |
|
Definition
| Neurofibromatosis type I (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas=type 1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's) |
|
|
Term
| "Cherry red spot" on macula |
|
Definition
| Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (lysosomal storage disease) |
|
|
Term
| Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI |
|
Definition
| Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis) |
|
|
Term
| Child uses arms to stand up from squat |
|
Definition
| Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy: X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene) |
|
|
Term
| Child with fever develops red rash that spreads to body |
|
Definition
| "Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19) |
|
|
Term
| Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration |
|
Definition
| Huntington's disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps |
|
Definition
| McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia |
|
Definition
| Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke]) |
|
|
Term
| Continuous "machinery" heart murmur |
|
Definition
| PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol) |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition |
|
Definition
| Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Grave's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Dark purple skin/mouth nodules |
|
Definition
| Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients: associated with HHV-8) |
|
|
Term
| Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis) |
|
|
Term
| Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
|
Definition
| Pellagra (niacin; b3 deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy |
|
Definition
| Wet beriberi (thiamine B1 deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Dog or cat bite resulting in infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis |
|
Definition
| Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
|
|
Term
| Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
| Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints |
|
Definition
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node |
|
Definition
| Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis) |
|
|
Term
| Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
|
Definition
| Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides |
|
|
Term
| Facial muscle spasm upon tapping |
|
Definition
| Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia) |
|
|
Term
| Fat, female, forty, and fertile |
|
Definition
| Acute cholecystitis (bile duct blockage) |
|
|
Term
| Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis |
|
Definition
| Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release) |
|
|
Term
| Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis |
|
Definition
| Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder) |
|
|
Term
| Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy |
|
Definition
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea |
|
Definition
| Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands |
|
Definition
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk) |
|
|
Term
| Hepatosplenomealy, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms |
|
Definition
| Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts |
|
Definition
| Alport's syndrome (collagen mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis) |
|
Definition
| Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung) |
|
|
Term
| Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility |
|
Definition
| Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) |
|
|
Term
| Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia |
|
Definition
| "Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells) |
|
|
Term
| Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion (nonpainful) |
|
Definition
| Chancre (primary syphilis: Treponema pallidum) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration |
|
Definition
| Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, and structural heart defect |
|
Definition
| Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18) |
|
|
Term
| Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever |
|
Definition
| Charcot's triad 2 (ascending cholangitis) |
|
|
Term
| Keratin pearls on a skin lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large rash with bull's eye appearance |
|
Definition
| Erthemia chronicum migrans from tick bite (lyme disease: borrelia) |
|
|
Term
| Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male Child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
|
Definition
| Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
|
|
Term
| Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
|
Definition
| Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GPIIb/IIIa) |
|
|
Term
| Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
|
Definition
| Gardner's syndrome (genetic disorder, predisposes to colon cancer) |
|
|
Term
| Necrotozing vasculitis (lungs) and Necrotozing glomerulonepritis |
|
Definition
| Wegener's and Goodpasture's syndromes (hemoptysis and glomerular disease) |
|
|
Term
| Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
|
Definition
| Erb-Duchene palsy (superior trunk C5-C6 brachial plexus injury; waiter's tip) |
|
|
Term
| No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
|
Definition
| Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction) |
|
|
Term
| Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oscillating slow/fast breathing |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure) |
|
|
Term
| Painful blue finger/toes, hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis) |
|
|
Term
| Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes |
|
Definition
| Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities) |
|
|
Term
| Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles |
|
Definition
| Osler's node (infective endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct |
|
|
Term
| Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child) |
|
Definition
| Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors |
|
Definition
| Wermer's syndrome (MEN 1) |
|
|
Term
| Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| "Pink puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar =smoking, panacinar=alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lat spots, short stature in a young girl |
|
Definition
| McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation. |
|
|
Term
| Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect) |
|
|
Term
| Positive anterior "drawer sign" |
|
Definition
| Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury |
|
|
Term
| Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis |
|
Definition
| Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesions) |
|
|
Term
| Pupil accommodates but doesn't react |
|
Definition
| Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection) |
|
Definition
| Guillian-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
|
Definition
| Job's syndrome (hyper IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) |
|
|
Term
| Red "currant jelly" sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of the breast (represent underlying neoplasm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
|
|
Term
| Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability |
|
Definition
| Parkinson's disease (nigrostriattal dopamine depletion) |
|
|
Term
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance |
|
Definition
| Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficieny) |
|
|
Term
| retinal hemorrhages with pale centers |
|
Definition
| Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| Severe jaundice in neonate |
|
Definition
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
| Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness |
|
Definition
| McBurney's sign (appendicitis) |
|
|
Term
| Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/lukemia, aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Siminan crease (Down syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Sinus inversus, chornic sinusitis, bronchiectasis |
|
Definition
| Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Addison's disease (primary adrrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology) |
|
|
Term
| Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys |
|
Definition
| Becker's muscular dystrophy (x-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's) |
|
|
Term
| Small, irregular spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small, nontender, erythematous lesions on palms/soles |
|
Definition
| Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals |
|
Definition
| Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney |
|
Definition
| Turner's syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema) |
|
|
Term
| Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi |
|
Definition
| Gout/podoagra (hyperuricemia) |
|
|
Term
| Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin |
|
Definition
| Scurvy (vitamin c deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| Swollen, hard, painful finger joints |
|
Definition
| Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP (Bouchard's nodes), DIP (Heerden's nodes)) |
|
|
Term
| Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal tumors |
|
Definition
| (Sipple's syndrome 9MEN 2A) |
|
|
Term
| Ulcerated genital lesion with exudate (painful) |
|
Definition
| Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
|
|
Term
| Unilateral facial drooping |
|
Definition
| Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy) |
|
|
Term
| Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male |
|
Definition
| Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombisi |
|
Definition
| Shwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin) |
|
|
Term
| Vomiting blood following esophagogastric laceration |
|
Definition
| Mallory Weiss syndrome (alcoholics and eating disorders) |
|
|
Term
| "Waxy" casts with very low urine flow |
|
Definition
| Chronic end-stage renal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acute pyelonephritis or cystitis |
|
|
Term
| Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
|
Definition
| Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii) |
|
|
Term
| "Worst headache of my life" |
|
Definition
| Berry aneurysm (Assoc. with APKD) |
|
|
Term
| Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) |
|
Definition
| hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Anticentromere antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
|
Definition
| Phemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies |
|
Definition
| Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) |
|
|
Term
| Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) |
|
Definition
| primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) |
|
|
Term
| Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) |
|
Definition
| Vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis) |
|
|
Term
| Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti dsDNA) |
|
Definition
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
|
Definition
| Diffuse systemic scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies |
|
Definition
| Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss) |
|
|
Term
| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
|
Definition
| Auer rods (AML: especially the promyelocytic type) |
|
|
Term
| "Bamboo spine" seen on x-ray. |
|
Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthrtis: HLA-B27) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
|
Definition
| Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic stippling of RBCs |
|
Definition
| Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor |
|
Definition
| Pancost's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of bone) |
|
|
Term
| Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
|
Definition
| Chaga's disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
|
|
Term
| Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule |
|
Definition
| Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| "Chocolate cyst" of ovary |
|
Definition
| Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) |
|
|
Term
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
|
Definition
| Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
|
|
Term
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
|
Definition
| Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Degeneration of dorsal column nerves |
|
Definition
| Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
|
Definition
| Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) |
|
|
Term
| Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
|
Definition
| Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
|
Definition
| Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
|
|
Term
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia |
|
Definition
| Koliocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies |
|
Definition
| "Owl's eye" appearance of CMV |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei |
|
Definition
| "Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell |
|
Definition
| Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
|
Definition
| Lewy body (Parkinson's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic globule in liver |
|
Definition
| Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells |
|
Definition
| Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain |
|
Definition
| Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye") |
|
Definition
| Reed-Sternberg cells (hodgkin's lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
|
Definition
| Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
|
|
Term
| "Hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray |
|
Definition
| Beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedulary hematopoiesis) |
|
|
Term
| hCG elevated (not pregnant) |
|
Definition
| Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) |
|
|
Term
| Heart nodules (inflammatory) |
|
Definition
| Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
|
|
Term
| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
| Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic ranules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC |
|
|
Term
| "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
| Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present) |
|
|
Term
| Increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid or maternal serum |
|
Definition
| Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects) |
|
|
Term
| Increased uric acid levels |
|
Definition
| Gout, lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular eosinophilic droplet like bodies |
|
Definition
| Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum |
|
Definition
| Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma) |
|
|
Term
| Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised |
|
Definition
| Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| "Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunoflurescence |
|
Definition
| poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammary gland "blue domed" cyst |
|
Definition
| Fibrocystic change of the breast |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal antibody spike |
|
Definition
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M proteon; usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
3. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein=IgM) |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine |
|
Definition
| Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma (kappy or lambda Ig light chains in urine) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
|
|
Term
| Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
|
Definition
| Signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
|
Definition
| "String sign" Chron's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Needle shaped, negative birefringent crystals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nodular hyaline depositis in glomeruli |
|
Definition
| Kimmelsiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
| "Nutmeg" appearance of liver |
|
Definition
| Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure |
|
|
Term
| "Onion-skin" periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area |
|
Definition
| Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
|
Definition
| Eburnation (osteoparthritis resulting in bony sclerosis) |
|
|
Term
| Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau |
|
Definition
| Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD) |
|
|
Term
| Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells |
|
Definition
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Renal epithelial casts in urine |
|
Definition
| Acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
|
Definition
| Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corarctation of the aorta |
|
|
Term
| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology) |
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV) |
|
|
Term
| Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
|
Definition
| Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's) |
|
|
Term
| Small granulomatous lesion in lungs (can calcify) |
|
Definition
| Ghon focus (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli) |
|
|
Term
| Small, round RBC inclusions |
|
Definition
| Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, aplha thalassemia, chronic liver disease) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
|
|
Term
| "Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits |
|
Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Stacks of red blood cells |
|
Definition
| Rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myeloma) |
|
|
Term
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| "Clue cells" Gardnerella vaginalis |
|
|
Term
| "Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
|
Term
| Thrombi made of white/red layers |
|
Definition
| Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray |
|
Definition
| Epiglottitis (H. influenzae) |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
|
Definition
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| "Tram-track" appearance on LM |
|
Definition
| Membroproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
|
Definition
| Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| "Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage) |
|
|
Term
| Actinic (solar) keratosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer assoc. with CNS injury |
|
Definition
| Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer assoc. with severe burns. |
|
Definition
| Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon |
|
Definition
| Skip lesions (chron's disease:autoimmune) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, ascending |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atrophy of the mammillary bodies |
|
Definition
| Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficincy causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
|
|
Term
| Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteremia.pneumonia (IV drug user) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria associated with stomach cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningits (newborns and kids) |
|
Definition
| Group B sterptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N. meningitis (kids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spitz nevus (most common in the first 2 decades) |
|
|
Term
| Bleeding disorder with Gp1B deficiency |
|
Definition
| Bernart-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supratentoral: mets more than astrocytoma (including gleoblastoma multiforme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infratentorial:medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharngioma (cerebrum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Firocystic change
2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac primary tumor (kids) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac manifestation of lupus |
|
Definition
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Metastasis
2. primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial) |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation |
|
Definition
| Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic atropic gastritis (autoimmune) |
|
Definition
| Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
|
Term
| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital cardiac anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
|
Definition
| Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
|
Term
| Constrictive pericarditis in developing world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coronary artery involved in thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Corticosteroid therapy
2. Excess ACTH secretion by the pituitary |
|
|
Term
| Cyanosis (early; less common) |
|
Definition
| Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosis |
|
|
Term
| Cyanosis (late; more common) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Multiple infarcts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gram negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| p53 tumor suppressor gene |
|
|
Term
| Glomerulonephritis (adults) |
|
Definition
| Berger's disease IgA nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple blood transfusion (can result in CHF and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cirrotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary bleeding disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hereditary harmless jaundice |
|
Definition
| Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diabetes myelitis type 1, rheumatoid arthrtis, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoaguability, endothelial damage, blood stasis |
|
Definition
| Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infection in blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. calcium=radiopaque
2. Sturvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staphlococcus)
3. Uric acid = radiolucent |
|
|
Term
| Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L |
|
Definition
| Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension.polycythemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lysosomal storage disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Down syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
|
Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids) |
|
|
Term
| Obstruction of the male urinary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opportunistic infection in AIDS |
|
Definition
| Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lung more than breast or stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis with IV drug use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer |
|
Definition
| Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian tumor (malignant) |
|
Definition
| Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adeoncarcinoma (head of the pancreas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML |
|
Definition
| ALL: child, CLL: adult over 60, AML:adult>60, CML:adult 35-50 |
|
|
Term
| Patient with Hodgkin's disease |
|
Definition
| Young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female) |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
Definition
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| Philadelphia chromosome t(19;22) (bcr-abl) |
|
Definition
| CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Prolactinoma
2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia, hospital acquired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary bone tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary hyperaodosteronism |
|
Definition
| Adenoma of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| Primary hyperparathyroidim |
|
Definition
1. Adenomas
2. Hyoerpasia
3.Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent inflammation/thrombsis of small/medium vessels in extremities |
|
Definition
| Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndrome (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
|
|
Term
| Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
|
Definition
| Inc. ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
Term
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| Sexually transmitted disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Regional lymph nodes
2. Liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stomach ulceratons and high gastrin levels |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) |
|
Definition
| Pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
|
|
Term
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) |
|
Definition
| Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only a 3 to 4 month supply |
|
|
