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| a representative subset of a population |
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| the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn |
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any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population is bias
e |
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| the best defense against bias: in which each individual is given a fair ramdom chance of selection |
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| a sample that consists of the entire population |
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| a numerically valued attribute of a model for a populationex: the mean income of all employed people in a country |
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| statistic sample statistic |
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Definition
| statistics are values calculated from sampled data |
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Definition
| a sample that is a fair representation if it acurately reflects the corresponding population parameters |
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| sample in which each set of "n" elements in the population has an equal chance of selection |
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| a list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn |
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| the natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ, one from another. |
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| a sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations OR STRATA |
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| a sampling design in which the entire groups or clusters are chosen at random |
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Definition
| sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods are called MULTISTAGE |
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| a sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame |
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| a small trial run of a survey to check whether questions are clear. a pilot study can reduce errors |
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| bias introduced to sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample |
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Definition
| convience sample consists of the individuals who are conveniently available OFTEN they fail to be representative |
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Definition
| a sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population |
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